基于太阳能跨季节蓄热的地源热泵供暖运行模式优化

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503025

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 214-224.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503025

• 新型电网 • 上一篇

基于太阳能跨季节蓄热的地源热泵供暖运行模式优化

冉宇进¹^,²(), 彭佳¹^,², 田小林¹^,², 马磊³, 山强³^,⁴, 杨绪飞³(), 张伟³

1. 贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局 114地质大队，贵州遵义　563000
2. 贵州浅层地温能开发有限公司，贵州贵阳　550081
3. 北京石油化工学院机械工程学院，北京　102617
4. 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司，四川德阳　618000

收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2025-11-28
作者简介:
冉宇进（1983），男，高级工程师，从事地热能勘查及开发研究，E-mail：510940560@qq.com
杨绪飞（1986），男，通信作者，博士，副教授，从事太阳能和地热能综合利用研究，E-mail：yangxufei@bipt.edu.cn
基金资助:
贵州省地质矿产勘查开发局地质科研资金资助项目（黔地矿科合[2022]11号）；贵州省地质矿产局地质科研项目（黔地质科合[2025]16号）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（52106073）。

Optimization of Heating Operating Mode for Ground Source Heat Pump Coupled with Seasonal Solar Heat Storage

RAN Yujin¹^,²(), PENG Jia¹^,², TIAN Xiaolin¹^,², MA Lei³, SHAN Qiang³^,⁴, YANG Xufei³(), ZHANG Wei³

1. No.114 Geological Team, Guizhou Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Exploration and Development, Zunyi 563000, China
2. Guizhou Shallow Geothermal Energy Development Company Limited, Guiyang 550081, China
3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing 102617, China
4. Dongfang Turbine Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China

Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-08-25 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-11-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by Geological Research Project of Bureau of Geology and Mineral Exploration and Development Guizhou Province (Qian Di Kuang Ke He [2022] No.11); Geological Research Project of Guizhou Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources (Qian Di Zhi Ke He [2025] No.16); National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.52106073).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对地源热泵系统在长周期供暖过程中地温逐年下降，耦合太阳能跨季节蓄热导致全年能效降低的难题，提出了一种新型运行模式——“先蓄热后供热”模式，以提升耦合供暖系统的整体能效。基于温室供暖实验数据，采用TRNSYS软件构建仿真模型，分析了无蓄热、后蓄热和先蓄热3种模式下的地温变化特性和供暖能效。该“先蓄热后供热”模式通过供暖前的太阳能跨季节蓄热，实现太阳能与浅层地热能的高效耦合，在改善地温失衡的同时，显著提升供暖能效，并在20年运行周期内保持稳定。相较于“先供暖后蓄热”模式，该模式的全年能效提升4.4%~4.2%，20年累计节电约1.07×10⁴ kW·h，年均节电534 kW·h，直接节省运行能耗成本4.2%，有效降低了系统能耗、提高了供暖经济性。

关键词: 地源热泵, 太阳能跨季节蓄热, 地温失衡, 运行模式, 能效提升

Abstract:

To address the challenges of the long-term decline of geothermal temperature in ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems and the efficiency reduction caused by the coupling of seasonal solar heat storage (SSHS), this study proposes a novel operational mode—the 'store-then-supply' (SSHS+GSHP) mode—to enhance the overall efficiency of the coupled heating system. Based on greenhouse heating experimental data, a simulation model was developed using TRNSYS to analyze the geothermal temperature variation and heating efficiency under three different modes: no-storage mode, supply-then-store mode, and store-then-supply mode. The proposed 'store-then-supply' mode leverages seasonal solar heat storage before the heating period, achieving efficient coupling of solar and shallow geothermal energy. This approach not only mitigates geothermal imbalance, but also significantly improves heating efficiency, maintaining a stable performance over a 20-year operational period. Compared with the 'supply-then-store' mode, the proposed mode improves the annual energy efficiency by approximately 4.2% to 4.4%, achieving a cumulative electricity saving of about 1.07 × 10⁴ kW·h over 20 years and an average annual saving of 534 kW·h, directly reducing the operating energy costs by 4.2%, effectively lowering system energy consumption and enhancing heating cost-effectiveness.

Key words: ground source heat pump, seasonal solar heat storage, geothermal imbalance, operating mode, efficiency improvement

冉宇进, 彭佳, 田小林, 马磊, 山强, 杨绪飞, 张伟. 基于太阳能跨季节蓄热的地源热泵供暖运行模式优化[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(11): 214-224.

RAN Yujin, PENG Jia, TIAN Xiaolin, MA Lei, SHAN Qiang, YANG Xufei, ZHANG Wei. Optimization of Heating Operating Mode for Ground Source Heat Pump Coupled with Seasonal Solar Heat Storage[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(11): 214-224.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503025

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I11/214

图/表 16

表 1 温室玻璃维护结构主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of the greenhouse envelope

朝向	面积/m²	主要材质	厚度/mm	导热系数/ (W·(m·K)^–1)
南墙+北墙	64.00	中空玻璃	5+6+5	4.0
东墙+西墙	98.00	中空玻璃	5+6+5	4.0
顶部	125.22	钢化玻璃	5	6.4

图 1 耦合供暖系统原理

Fig.1 Schematic of the coupled heating system

图 2 耦合SSHS的GSHP供暖仿真模型

Fig.2 Simulation model of the GSHP heating system

图 3 气象数据典型值和实测值对比

Fig.3 Comparison of typical and measured meteorological data

表 2 第1供暖季仿真值和实验值对比

Table 2 Comparison of simulated and experimental values for the first heating season

数据名称	仿真值	实验值^[15]	偏差
热泵供热量/(kW·h)	19043	19008	0.2%
热泵取热量/(kW·h)	13790	13419	2.7%
供暖总能耗/(kW·h)	8081	8009	0.9%
供暖后地温/℃	13.79	13.75	0.04
供暖季地温下降量/℃	0.92	0.89	–0.04

表 3 太阳能跨季节蓄热仿真值和实验值对比

Table 3 Comparison of simulated and experimental values for the SSHS

数据名称	仿真值	实验值^[15]	偏差
土壤蓄热量/(kW·h)	10237	10173	0.6%
集热能耗/(kW·h)	349	364	–4.1%
蓄热能耗/(kW·h)	141	144	–2.1%
跨季蓄热总能耗/(kW·h)	490	508	–3.5%
典型日集热效率/%	38.41	35.46	2.95
蓄热后地温/℃	14.35	14.31	0.04
蓄热季地温上升量/℃	1.00	0.96	0.04

表 4 第2供暖季仿真值和实验值对比

Table 4 Comparison of simulated and experimental values for the second heating season

数据名称	仿真值	实验值^[15]	偏差
热泵供热量/(kW·h)	29601	29178	1.4%
热泵取热量/(kW·h)	21259	20937	1.5%
热泵供暖总能耗/(kW·h)	9511	9733	–2.3%
太阳能直供热量/(kW·h)	3547	3708	–4.5%
太阳能直供能耗/(kW·h)	462	458	0.77%
供暖结束地温/℃	13.04	13.03	0.01
供暖前后地温下降量/℃	1.00	1.01	–0.01

图 4 跨季节蓄热地温仿真值和实验值对比

Fig.4 Comparison of simulated and experimental values of ground temperature of SSHS

表 5 蓄热水箱上限温度的灵敏度分析

Table 5 Sensitivity analysis of the impact of maximum temperature of heat storage tank on SSHS performance

起始温度/ ℃	蓄热量/ (kW·h)	蓄热子能耗/ (kW·h)	集热子能耗/ (kW·h)	蓄热总能耗/ (kW·h)	蓄热能效
35	18206	371	593	964	19.25
40	17810	294	594	888	20.52
45	17428	240	595	835	21.40
50	17140	205	595	800	22.00
55	16869	177	593	770	22.31

图 5 地源热泵供热负荷特性

Fig.5 Heat load characteristics of GSHP

表 6 供热天数统计（日均气温区间1 ℃~9 ℃）

Table 6 Statistics of heating days (daily average ambient temperature between 1 ℃ and 9 ℃)

温度水平/℃	总天数	无供暖天数	有供暖天数	供暖占比/%
1~1.99	12	2	10	83.3
2~2.99	8	1	7	87.5
3~3.99	7	1	6	85.7
4~4.99	9	2	7	77.8
5~5.99	4	2	2	50.0
6~6.99	8	1	7	87.5
7~7.99	6	4	2	33.3
8~8.99	6	4	2	33.3

图 6 GSHP供暖系统逐月供热量和月均供热能效COP1

Fig.6 Monthly heating load and COP1 of GSHP heating system

图 7 GSHP源侧回水温度变化分析

Fig.7 Variation analysis on the return water temperature of GSHP

图 8 不同运行模式对地温影响对比

Fig.8 Comparison of the impacts of different operating modes on ground temperature

图 9 长周期供暖能效系数对比

Fig.9 Comparison of energy efficiency coefficients for long - term heating

图 10 长周期供暖耗电量对比

Fig.10 Comparison of power consumption for long - term heating

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基于太阳能跨季节蓄热的地源热泵供暖运行模式优化

Optimization of Heating Operating Mode for Ground Source Heat Pump Coupled with Seasonal Solar Heat Storage

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基于太阳能跨季节蓄热的地源热泵供暖运行模式优化

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