构网型储能变流器控制策略下输电线路保护适应性分析

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双碳目标下新能源大量接入电网，继电保护作为电力系统安全稳定运行首要保障措施越发重要。构网型变流器技术研究多集中于系统稳定控制、故障穿越等方面，对于继电保护的特性研究则鲜有涉及。对构网型储能变流器控制策略下输电线路保护适应性展开分析。首先，分析构网型变流器的同步控制策略和故障穿越控制策略，同时对不同故障穿越控制策略下的构网型变流的故障电路进行等效；其次，针对常见保护配置开展构网控制策略下的动作性能评估，并对各种保护配置进行适应性分析；最后，在Simulink中搭建含构网型储能变流器的输电线路模型，对相关理论进行验证，并根据输电线路保护适应性，给出了相应的改进建议。

关键词: 输电线路保护, 构网型变流器, 适应性分析

Abstract:

Under the dual carbon target, a large number of new energy sources are connected to the power grid, and relay protection is becoming increasingly important as the primary guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power system. The research on grid type inverter technology mainly focuses on system stability control, fault ride through, and other aspects, with little attention paid to the characteristics of relay protection. In this regard, this article analyzes the adaptability of transmission line protection under the control strategy of grid type energy storage inverters. Firstly, the synchronous control strategy and fault ride-through control strategy of grid-forming converters are analyzed, with equivalent circuits derived for grid-forming converters under different fault ride-through control strategies in the event of faults. Secondly, an evaluation of the operational performance under grid-forming control strategies is conducted. Additionally, an adaptability analysis is performed for each of these protection configurations. Lastly, a transmission line model incorporating a grid-forming energy storage converter is established in Simulink to validate the relevant theories. Based on the adaptability of transmission line protection, corresponding improvement suggestions are proposed.

Key words: transmission line protection, grid-forming converter, adaptability analysis

中图分类号:

TM77

冯小萍, 陈启迪, 赵青春, 王兴, 李斌, 谢华. 构网型储能变流器控制策略下输电线路保护适应性分析[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(8): 176-184.

FENG Xiaoping, CHEN Qidi, ZHAO Qingchun, WANG Xing, LI Bin, XIE Hua. Adaptability Analysis of Transmission Line Protection under the Control Strategy of Grid-Forming Energy Storage Converter[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(8): 176-184.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202410090

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I8/176

图/表 13

图 1 构网型变流器同步运行的典型控制框图

Fig.1 Typical control diagram for synchronous operation of grid type inverters

图 2 虚拟阻抗限流方式的典型控制

Fig.2 Typical control diagram of virtual impedance current limiting method

图 3 构网型变流器的故障等值模型

Fig.3 Fault equivalent model of grid type converter

图 4 新能源送出电网示意

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of new energy transmission grid

图 5 电流差动保护动作原理

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of current differential protection operation

表 1 输电线路电流差动保护动作情况

Table 1 Operation of Current Differential Protection for Transmission Lines

故障位置	过渡电阻/Ω	动作情况
故障位置	过渡电阻/Ω	AG	BC	BCG	ABC
区内故障（${K_1}$）	0	动作	动作	动作	动作
	60	动作	动作	动作	动作
	110	动作	动作	动作	动作
区外故障（${K_2}$）	0	不动作	不动作	不动作	不动作
	60	不动作	不动作	不动作	不动作
	110	不动作	不动作	不动作	不动作

图 6 不同方向元件的判别结果

Fig.6 Discrimination results of components in different directions

表 2 区外故障时构网变流侧距离Ⅰ段动作情况

Table 2 The action of distance segment I on the converter side of the network during faults outside the area

过渡电阻/Ω	故障类型	测量阻抗相角/(°)	测量阻抗幅值/Ω	动作情况
0.3	AG	58.400	5.934	不动作
	BC	79.450	1.659	误动
	BCG	62.970	8.054	不动作
	ABC	89.590	4.015	误动
6.0	AG	–0.419	31.145	不动作
	BC	–89.640	65.897	不动作
	BCG	46.370	30.195	不动作
	ABC	–52.430	50.124	不动作

表 3 区内故障时构网变流侧距离Ⅰ段动作情况

Table 3 The action of distance segment I on the converter side of the network during faults inside the area

过渡电阻/Ω	故障类型	测量阻抗相角/（°）	测量阻抗幅值/Ω	动作情况
0	AG	65.9	2.854	动作
	BC	71.1	3.204	动作
	BCG	72.1	3.127	动作
	ABC	71.5	3.054	动作
0.6	AG	47.7	3.704	动作
	BC	–23.1	5.457	不动作
	BCG	60.0	4.397	动作
	ABC	–27.8	4.518	不动作
6.0	AG	10.0	13.947	不动作
	BC	–24.7	51.347	不动作
	BCG	57.1	16.143	不动作
	ABC	59.4	36.174	不动作

图 7 流向主网侧的零序电流与故障距离变化的关系

Fig.7 The relationship between the zero-sequence current flowing to the main grid side and the fault distance

图 8 流向构网变流侧的零序电流与故障距离的关系

Fig.8 The relationship between the zero-sequence current flowing towards the grid-forming converter side and the fault distance

图 9 线路两侧的相电流差突变量

Fig.9 Sudden change in phase current difference on both sides of the line

表 4 不同故障下两侧选相元件的判别结果

Table 4 The discrimination results of phase selection elements on both sides under different fault conditions

故障类型	构网变流侧	主网侧
AG	AG/ABG	AG
BG	BG/BCG	BG
CG	CG/CAG	CG
AB	AG	AB
BC	BC	BC
AC	AC	AC
ABG	ABG	ABG
BCG	BCG	BCG
CAG	CAG	CAG
ABC	ABC	ABC

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