高压系统公共连接点处允许谐波发射值分配方法对比

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着大量非线性负荷接入电网，其引起的谐波问题也日渐严重。各国家或组织制定了谐波标准约束非线性用户谐波发射值，保证交流电网的波形质量。如何在电力用户间公平合理地分配允许谐波发射值成为核心的关键问题。通过对比分析IEC 61000-3-6、GB/T 14549与IEEE Std.519中非线性负荷接入高压系统谐波发射水平分配方法，以公平性、一致性与可行性3个原则评估各标准适用性，并通过案例结果对比，评估三者一致性，为谐波国家标准修订提供一些参考。

关键词: 谐波标准, IEC 61000-3-6, GB/T 14549, IEEE Std.519, 谐波发射, 分配

Abstract:

With a large number of nonlinear loads connected to the power grid, the harmonic problems caused by them are becoming more and more serious. Various countries or organizations have formulated harmonic standards to constrain the harmonic emission values of nonlinear users to ensure the waveform quality of the AC power grid. How to distribute the allowable harmonic emission value fairly and reasonably among power users has become a key issue. By comparing and analyzing the harmonic emission level distribution methods of nonlinear load access to high voltage system in IEC 61000-3-6, GB / T 14549 and IEEE Std.519, the applicability of each standard is evaluated by three principles of fairness, consistency and feasibility, and the consistency of the three is evaluated by comparing the case study results, which can provide some references for the revision of harmonic national standards.

Key words: harmonic standard, IEC 61000-3-6, GB/T 14549, IEEE Std.519, harmonic emission, distribution

陶顺, 陈慧琳, 徐永海, 周胜军, 肖湘宁. 高压系统公共连接点处允许谐波发射值分配方法对比[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(1): 1-14.

Shun TAO, Huilin CHEN, Yonghai XU, Shengjun ZHOU, Xiangning XIAO. Comparison of Allowable Harmonic Emission Value Distribution Methods at the Point of Common Coupling of High Voltage System[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(1): 1-14.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202404023

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I1/1

图/表 20

表 1 谐波的相位叠加系数

Table 1 Phase superposition coefficient of harmonics

h		h＜5		5≤h≤10		h＞10
α		1.0		1.4		2.0

图 1 IEC供电容量定义

Fig.1 IEC power supply capacity definition

表 2 谐波的相位叠加系数

Table 2 Phase superposition coefficient of harmonics

h		3		5		7		11		13		9 \|＞13 \|偶次
α		1.1		1.2		1.4		1.8		1.9		2

图 2 变电站高压侧母线供电容量计算

Fig.2 Calculation of power supply capacity of high voltage side bus in substation

表 3 额定电压69 kV及以下谐波电流限值基本依据

Table 3 Basis for harmonic current limits for rated voltage 69 kV and below

公共连接点处短路比（${{{S_{ \rm sc}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{S_{ \rm sc}}} {{S_{ i}}}}} \right. } {{S_{ i}}}}$）	单次谐波电压最大值/%	相关的假设
10	2.5~3.0	专用电网（系统）
20	2.0~2.5	1~2个大型用户
50	1.0~1.5	几个相对较大的用户
100	0.5~1.0	5~20个中型用户
1000	0.05~0.10	许多小用户

图 3 基于单次谐波电压最大值的限值范围计算结果

Fig.3 Calculation results based on the limit range of the maximum single harmonic voltage

表 4 额定电压69 kV至161 kV系统的谐波电流限值

Table 4 Harmonic current limits for the system with rated voltage 69 kV to 161 kV 单位：%

I_sc/I_L	以$ {I_{\rm L}} $百分数表示的最大单个谐波电流畸变
	谐波次数
	3≤ h＜11	11≤ h＜17	17≤ h＜23	23≤ h＜35	35≤ h≤50	I_TDD
＜20	2.0	1.00	0.75	0.30	0.15	2.5
20＜50	3.5	1.75	1.25	0.50	0.25	4.0
50＜100	5.0	2.25	2.00	0.75	0.35	6.0
100＜1000	6.0	2.75	2.50	1.00	0.50	7.5
＞1000	7.5	3.50	3.00	1.25	0.70	10.0

表 5 额定电压大于161 kV系统的谐波电流限值

Table 5 Harmonic current limit for the system with rated voltage higher than 161 kV 单位：%

I_sc/I_L	以$ {I_{\rm L}} $百分数表示的最大单个谐波电流畸变
	谐波次数（奇次谐波）
	3≤h＜11	11≤h＜17	17≤h＜23	23≤h＜35	35≤h≤50	I_TDD
＜25	1.0	0.5	0.38	0.15	0.10	1.50
25＜50	2.0	1.0	0.75	0.30	0.15	2.50
≥50	3.0	1.5	1.15	0.45	0.22	3.75

图 4 验证案例

Fig.4 Verification case

表 6 各母线供电容量

Table 6 Power supply capacity of each bus

a）双电源供电系统
母线	供电容量/(MV·A)
母线	IEC 61000-3-6	GB
母线3	0	800	750
母线4	0
母线5	240
母线6	126
母线7	74
母线8	360
供电容量总和	800	800	750
b）π型辐射结构系统
母线	供电容量/(MV·A)
母线	IEC 61000-3-6	GB
母线2	0	240
母线3	140
母线4	100
供电容量总和	240	240
c）单一干线辐射结构系统
母线	供电容量/(MV·A)
母线	IEC 61000-3-6	GB
母线2	190	240
母线4	50	50
供电容量总和	240	290

图 5 双电源供电系统分配的谐波电流值

Fig.5 The harmonic current value distributed by the dual power supply system

图 6 π型辐射结构系统分配的谐波电流值

Fig.6 The harmonic current value distributed by the system with π-type radiation structure

图 7 单一干线辐射结构系统谐波分配的谐波电流值

Fig.7 Th harmonic current value distributed by the system with single trunk radiation structure

图 8 双电源供电系统一致性评估结果

Fig.8 Consistency evaluation results of dual power supply system

图 9 π型辐射结构系统一致性评估结果

Fig.9 Consistency evaluation results of π-type radiation structure system

图 10 单一干线辐射结构系统一致性评估结果

Fig.10 Consistency evaluation results of single trunk radiation structure system

图 11 π型辐射结构不同负荷下谐振放大结果

Fig.11 Resonance amplification results of π-type radiation structure under different loads

图 12 π型辐射结构相同负荷下不同节点谐振放大结果

Fig.12 Resonance amplification results of different nodes of π-type radiation structure under same load

图 13 π型辐射结构系统谐波分配的谐波电流值（20%负荷）

Fig.13 Harmonic current value distributed by π-type radiation structure system (20% load)

图 14 π型辐射结构系统一致性评估结果（20%负荷）

Fig.14 Consistency evaluation results of π-type radiation structure system (20% load)

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