基于改进交替方向乘子法的配电网柔性负荷分层集群调控方法

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202309093

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

可调负荷、电动汽车等各种负荷侧资源快速发展，对其进行精准调控是目前重要的研究热点。为充分发挥配电网柔性负荷的调节能力，提出一种基于改进交替方向乘子法的配电网柔性负荷分层集群调控方法。首先，采用综合层次聚类算法对柔性负荷进行分层集群；其次，基于纳什谈判理论，将原问题分解为成本最小化和收益分配2个子问题，建立配电网柔性负荷集群调控模型；然后，引入自适应变参数加速因子，提出改进的交替方向乘子法；最后，通过模拟算例验证所提方法的有效性。结果表明，所提方法能够有效实现大规模柔性负荷接入情况下的集群调控，收敛性能较常规方法有所提高。

关键词: 柔性负荷, 配电网运行, 集群方法, 分布式计算, 交替方向乘子法

Abstract:

With the rapid development of various load side resources such as adjustable loads and electric vehicles, how to accurately regulate them has become an important research point. In order to give full play to the regulation ability of flexible loads in distribution networks, a hierarchical cluster regulation method for flexible loads in distribution networks based on improved alternating direction multiplier method is proposed. Firstly, the flexible loads are clustered hierarchically using the BIRCH clustering algorithm. Secondly, based on Nash negotiation theory, the original problem is decomposed into two sub problems: cost minimization and revenue allocation, and a flexible load cluster regulation model for distribution networks is established. Then, an improved alternating direction multiplier method is proposed by introducing an adaptive variable parameter acceleration factor. Finally, a simulation example is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively achieve cluster regulation under access of large-scale flexible loads, and its convergence performance is better than the conventional methods.

Key words: flexible load, distribution network operation, cluster approach, distributed computing, alternating direction multiplier method

张俊成, 黎敏, 刘志文, 谭靖, 陶毅刚, 罗天禄. 基于改进交替方向乘子法的配电网柔性负荷分层集群调控方法[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 140-147.

Juncheng ZHANG, Min LI, Zhiwen LIU, Jing TAN, Yigang TAO, Tianlu LUO. Hierarchical Cluster Control Method for Flexible Load in Distribution Network Based on Improved Alternating Direction Multiplier Method[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(1): 140-147.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202309093

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I1/140

图/表 7

图 1 基于BIRCH算法的柔性负荷分层集群方法流程

Fig.1 Flow chart of flexible load hierarchical clustering method based on BIRCH algorithm

表 1 负荷、储能接入情况

Table 1 Load and energy storage access

接入类型		接入数量/个	总容量/kW
常规负荷		200	1000
柔性负荷	温控型负荷	160	800
	可削减负荷	160	800
	电动汽车充电桩	75	750
分布式储能装置		1	1200

表 2 聚类指标对比

Table 2 Comparison of clustering indicators

指标	本文方法	k-means
轮廓系数	0.963	0.782
紧密度/kW	0.334	0.768
分割度/kW	0.826	0.659

表 3 3种算法收敛速度对比

Table 3 Comparison of convergence speed of three algorithms

算法	是否收敛	收敛时间/s
分散式调控+ADMM	否	—
集群后调控+ADMM	是	253
集群后调控+改进ADMM	是	14

图 2 调控前后典型日负荷变化情况

Fig.2 Typical daily load changes before and after regulation

表 4 各类型柔性负荷与储能成本

Table 4 Cost of various types of flexible loads and energy storage

类型	参与调控前日成本/元	参与调控后日成本/元
温控型负荷	379.96	345.14
可削减负荷	352.27	322.05
电动汽车充电桩	316.52	291.68
分布式储能	0	–54.06

表 5 不同分时电价下各类型柔性负荷与储能成本

Table 5 Cost of various types of flexible loads and energy storage under different time of use electricity prices

类型	高方案/元	中方案/元	低方案/元
温控型负荷	343.08	345.14	346.95
可削减负荷	319.27	322.05	323.86
电动汽车充电桩	290.42	291.68	293.50
分布式储能	–60.43	–54.06	–49.71

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