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高温固体氧化物电解水蒸气制氢系统集成放大技术现状与展望

Status and prospects of system integration and scale-up of high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis technology for steam hydrogen production

  • 摘要: 固体氧化物电解槽(solid oxide electrolysis cell,SOEC)具有高效率和可逆运行等优势,但其规模化应用受单堆功率有限、高温运行及多堆一致性等问题制约。围绕电池-电堆-模组-系统的技术链条,综述SOEC系统集成与工程放大进展,比较平板式、管式和扁管式结构及组堆方式,分析材料与界面匹配、电-热-流场均匀性和机械可靠性等电堆放大问题;总结多堆模组化、热管理、辅机系统配置(balance of plant,BOP)及外部热源耦合等系统集成方式;梳理在线诊断、均衡控制和寿命管理等关键支撑技术。国内外研究进展表明,多堆模组化与高效热集成是SOEC规模化发展的主要工程路径,而多堆运行一致性、高温BOP可靠性及长期寿命管理仍是进一步规模化的关键问题。

     

    Abstract: Solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) technology offers advantages such as high efficiency and reversible operation, but its scale-up is constrained by the limited power rating of individual stacks, high-temperature operation, and consistency issues among multiple stacks. This paper reviews the progress in SOEC system integration and engineering scale-up. Planar, tubular, and flat-tubular configurations and their stacking approaches are compared, and key issues in stack scale-up, including material and interface compatibility, electro-thermal-flow field uniformity, and mechanical reliability, are analyzed. Multi-stack modular integration, thermal management, balance-of-plant (BOP) configuration, and integration with external heat sources are summarized, together with key enabling technologies such as online diagnostics, balancing control, and lifetime management. The analysis indicates that multi-stack modularization and efficient thermal integration are the principal engineering pathways toward large-scale SOEC systems, while multi-stack operational consistency, the reliability of high-temperature BOP components, and long-term lifetime management remain critical challenges for further scale-up.

     

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