Abstract: The new rural energy system is the intersection of the two major strategies of green and low-carbon energy transition and rural revitalization. Clarifying its connotation and construction ideas has the theoretical value for achieving high-quality development. Based on an analysis of the development history and current situation of rural energy, combined with the evolution process of the energy system and the demands of agricultural and rural modernization, this paper proposes connotative characteristics of the new rural energy system, including green and low carbon, simplicity and timeliness, multi-energy integration, intelligence and appropriateness, rule-abiding harmony, and common prosperity. Aiming at the existing problems in the current rural energy system in terms of consumption structure, supply-demand coordination, utilization forms, technical system, governance system, and achievement sharing, the ideas, measures, and key technologies for constructing the new rural energy system are put forward.