基于电-热-力耦合的复杂工况配网避雷器应力分布

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氧化锌避雷器是防止配网线路雷击事故的主要装置。在实际运行过程中，避雷器的运行工况复杂多样，在遭受由非垂直安装方式、风力和水平拉力等因素导致的多种不平衡受力，叠加雷电冲击作用的热应力，是导致避雷器老化和故障的重要原因。考虑多种不平衡受力和多重雷击的影响，基于电-热-力多场耦合的原理，搭建了避雷器运行参数计算的仿真模型。分析了整支10 kV避雷器在不同工况下的内部电、热、力分布情况。计算结果表明，多重雷击较单一雷击在避雷器内部氧化锌电阻片界面处应力有15%左右的增加；不平衡受力和雷击联合作用下氧化锌电阻片界面处应力比不平衡受力与雷电冲击分别单独作用时的应力之和增加了25%左右；热应力和机械应力的相互耦合，出现了应力非线性增强现象。研究结果为从应力的角度分析复杂运行工况下避雷器的故障原因提供参考。

关键词: 氧化锌避雷器, 多物理场耦合, 多重雷击

Abstract:

Zinc oxide arresters are the main devices for preventing lightning strike faults in distribution network lines. In the actual operation process, the operating conditions of arresters are complex and diverse. When subjected to various unbalanced forces caused by factors such as non-vertical installation methods, wind force and horizontal tensile force, the thermal stress superimposed by lightning impulse is an important cause of aging and failure of arresters. Considering the influence of various unbalanced forces and multiple lightning strikes, based on the principle of multi-field coupling of electricity, heat and force, a simulation model for calculating the operating parameters of arresters was established. The internal distribution of electricity, heat and force of the entire 10kV arrester under different working conditions was analyzed. The calculation results show that multiple lightning strikes increase the stress at the interface of zinc oxide resistance sheets inside the arrester by about 15% compared with a single lightning strike. Under the combined action of unbalanced force and lightning strike, the stress at the interface of zinc oxide resistance sheets increases by about 25% compared with the sum of the stresses when unbalanced force and lightning strike act separately. The mutual coupling of thermal stress and mechanical stress The phenomenon of nonlinear stress enhancement occurred. The research results provide a reference for analyzing the fault causes of surge arresters under complex operating conditions from the perspective of stress.

Key words: zinc oxide arrester, multi-physical field coupling, multiple lightning strike

王震宇, 石军浩, 王玮, 白银浩, 艾学勇. 基于电-热-力耦合的复杂工况配网避雷器应力分布[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(5): 133-141.

WANG Zhenyu, SHI Junhao, WANG Wei, BAI Yinhao, AI Xueyong. Study on stress distribution of distribution network arresters under complex operating conditions based on electro-thermal-mechanical coupling[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(5): 133-141.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202509024

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2026/V59/I5/133

图/表 14

图 1 仿真计算流程

Fig.1 Flow of simulation calculation

表 1 氧化锌避雷器三维几何模型主要参数

Table 1 Main parameters of three-dimensional geometric model of zinc oxide arrester 单位：mm

部件	数值	部件	数值
避雷器高度	290	电阻片直径	42
避雷器外径	54	电阻片厚度	30

图 2 避雷器轴向截面

Fig.2 Axial section of arrester

图 3 避雷器三维结构模型

Fig.3 Three-dimensional structure model of arrester

图 4 避雷器伞裙温升

Fig.4 Temperature rise of the lightning arrester umbrella skirt

图 5 避雷器温度试验与仿真对比

Fig.5 Comparison between temperature test and simulation of arrester

图 6 不平衡受力时避雷器ZX平面应力分布

Fig.6 ZX plane stress distribution of arrester under unbalanced stress

图 7 氧化锌电阻片界面应力值

Fig.7 Stress value of zinc oxide resistor sheet

图 8 单一雷击下避雷器温度分布

Fig.8 Temperature distribution of arrester under a single lightning strike

图 9 单一雷击下避雷器应力分布

Fig.9 Stress distribution of arrester under a single lightning strike

图 10 多重雷击下避雷器温度分布

Fig.10 Temperature distribution of arrester under multiple lightning strikes

图 11 多重雷击下避雷器应力分布

Fig.11 Stress distribution of arrester under multiple lightning strikes

图 12 复杂工况对氧化锌电阻片界面应力影响

Fig.12 shows the influence of complex working conditions on the interface stress of zinc oxide resistors

图 13 氧化锌电阻片界面处应力的大小变化规律

Fig.13 The variation law of stress magnitude at the interface of zinc oxide resistors

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