源网荷储一体化项目参与市场的现状分析与前景展望

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503047

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (11): 49-61.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202503047

• 推进全国统一电力市场建设关键技术与机制 • 上一篇下一篇

源网荷储一体化项目参与市场的现状分析与前景展望

董晓亮¹(), 王雨萱²(), 张圣楠¹(), 李国栋¹(), 雍培²()

1. 北京电力交易中心有限公司，北京　100031
2. 重庆大学电气工程学院，重庆　400044

收稿日期:2025-03-17 修回日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2025-11-28
作者简介:
董晓亮（1985），男，博士，高级工程师，从事电力市场、电力系统自动化研究，E-mail：nike.adidas2008@163.com
王雨萱（2002），女，通信作者，硕士研究生，从事电力市场、源网荷储一体化项目研究，E-mail：wangyx@stu.cqu.edu.cn
张圣楠（1983），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事电力市场研究，E-mail：shengnan-zhang@sgcc.com.cn
李国栋（1985），男，高级工程师，从事电力市场、新能源消纳等研究，E-mail：lgd0901@126.com
雍培（1995），男，副教授，从事电力系统运行优化与分析、分布式资源协同、可再生能源研究，E-mail：peiyong@cqu.edu.cn
基金资助:
北京电力交易中心有限公司科技项目（SGJY0000YJJS2400048）。

Market Participation of Integrated Source-Grid-Load-Storage Projects: Status and Prospects

DONG Xiaoliang¹(), WANG Yuxuan²(), ZHANG Shengnan¹(), LI Guodong¹(), YONG Pei²()

1. Beijing Power Trading Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100031, China
2. School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China

Received:2025-03-17 Revised:2025-09-18 Online:2025-12-01 Published:2025-11-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by the Science and Technology Project of Beijing Electric Power Trading Center Co., Ltd. (No.SGJY0000YJJS2400048).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在“双碳”目标驱动下，源网荷储一体化项目因其具有新能源就地消纳的能力而受到广泛关注。然而，其内部的源荷平衡与现有电价机制不匹配，存在输配电价少缴、系统运行成本错配等风险，从而可能导致电网收益受损。针对上述问题，首先系统梳理源网荷储一体化项目的建设与运营机制，辨析源网荷储一体化项目与其他聚合类主体的异同；其次总结其参与市场的机制情况，剖析现行准入规则与市场化交易机制中存在的不足；再次梳理当前内部成员收益分配模式；最后结合国家及地方政策导向，提出市场准入机制的设计框架，为源网荷储一体化项目的规范化发展及电力市场机制完善提供理论支撑与实践路径。

关键词: 源网荷储一体化项目, 聚合类主体, 市场化交易, 收益分配, 准入机制

Abstract:

Under the drive of the "Dual Carbon" goals, integrated source-grid-load-storage projects, with their capacity for localized renewable energy consumption, have garnered significant attention. However, the inherent source-load balance within these projects conflicts with existing electricity pricing mechanisms, posing risks such as underpayment of transmission and distribution tariffs and mismatched system operating costs, which may compromise grid revenues. To address these challenges, this paper first systematically examines the construction and operational mechanisms of integrated source-grid-load-storage projects, distinguishing their similarities and differences from other aggregated entities. Secondly, it summarizes their market participation mechanisms and proceeds to dissect the shortcomings present in existing market access regulations and market-based trading systems. Furthermore, the study analyzes existing benefit distribution models among internal stakeholders. Finally, guided by national and regional policy directions, a design framework for market access mechanisms is proposed, offering theoretical foundations and practical pathways for standardizing the development of integrated source-grid-load-storage projects and refining electricity market mechanisms.

Key words: integrated source-grid-load-storage project, aggregated entities, market-based trading, benefit distribution, market access mechanisms

董晓亮, 王雨萱, 张圣楠, 李国栋, 雍培. 源网荷储一体化项目参与市场的现状分析与前景展望[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(11): 49-61.

DONG Xiaoliang, WANG Yuxuan, ZHANG Shengnan, LI Guodong, YONG Pei. Market Participation of Integrated Source-Grid-Load-Storage Projects: Status and Prospects[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(11): 49-61.

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图/表 7

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项目	源网荷储一体化	虚拟电厂	微电网
物理形态	较为集中固定小区域	分布较广不断变化	较为集中固定小区域
系统规模	无要求	各地有差异 1~20 MW	不大于20 MW
电压等级	220 kV及以下	35 kV及以下	35 kV及以下
接网点	一个或少数几个	多个	一个
投资主体	一个或少数几个	多个	一个或少数几个

项目	源网荷储一体化	虚拟电厂	微电网
物理形态	较为集中固定小区域	分布较广不断变化	较为集中固定小区域
系统规模	无要求	各地有差异 1~20 MW	不大于20 MW
电压等级	220 kV及以下	35 kV及以下	35 kV及以下
接网点	一个或少数几个	多个	一个
投资主体	一个或少数几个	多个	一个或少数几个

模式	供电方式	适用场景	优势	挑战
点对点拉专线	直接供电至用户	工业企业、大数据中心	降低输配损耗、提高稳定性	投资成本高、专线审批难
点对网拉专线	专线供电至增量配电网	园区级、多能互补区域	优化区域电力平衡	受政策约束较大
用户（网）区域内建设	内部新能源供电	工商业园区、数据中心	提高能源自给率	负荷匹配需优化

模式	供电方式	适用场景	优势	挑战
点对点拉专线	直接供电至用户	工业企业、大数据中心	降低输配损耗、提高稳定性	投资成本高、专线审批难
点对网拉专线	专线供电至增量配电网	园区级、多能互补区域	优化区域电力平衡	受政策约束较大
用户（网）区域内建设	内部新能源供电	工商业园区、数据中心	提高能源自给率	负荷匹配需优化

省份	源（新能源）	网	荷	储
青海^[24]	≥90%	≤200 km	≥4亿kW·h/年	15%（新能源）、2 h
山西^[25]	≥40%	—	≥60 MW、 ≥3亿kW·h/年	50%（负荷）、4 h
内蒙古^[26]	≥90%	≤50 km	＞3亿kW·h/年	15%（新能源）、4 h
广西^[27]	≥95%	≤30 km	≥2亿kW·h/年	15%（新能源）、2 h
宁夏^[28]	≤负荷+储能	—	≥5亿kW·h/年	—
新疆^[29]	—	≤50 km	深度调峰能力≥15%负荷（即新能源装机的10%）、2 h

源网荷储一体化项目参与市场的现状分析与前景展望

Market Participation of Integrated Source-Grid-Load-Storage Projects: Status and Prospects

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省份	投资建设主体			并网要求	是否允许向电网送电
青海	由同一投资主体建设			同一公网输电并网点	—
山西	应按照核准（备案）内容和国家相关要求			同一公网输电并网点	—
内蒙古	由同一投资主体建设			同一公网输电并网点	否
广西	由同一投资主体建设			同一公网输电并网点	购买服务可送电
宁夏	由同一投资主体建设			同一公网输电并网点	满足要求可送电
新疆	由同一投资主体建设			同一公网输电并网点	满足要求可送电
河南^[30]	工业企业		电力用户	新能源项目应直接接入用电负荷侧	否
	增量配电网		企业	同一公网输电并网点	否
	农村地区	家庭作坊	自主或合作	户用光伏模式	—
		生产企业	自主或合作	风电光伏统一汇集至生产企业并网	否
		整村开发	村集体或合作	—	—

新型主体的准入要求	电力市场类型
	电能量市场		辅助服务市场
	中长期市场	现货市场	调频市场	备用市场	深度调峰市场
容量要求	华中：≥10 MW/20 MW·h 福建：≥10 MW/10 MW·h 安徽：≥5 MW/5 MW·h 陕西：≥6 MW/12 MW·h 新疆：≥5 MW/10 MW·h	山东：≥5 MW/ 　　　10 MW·h 陕西：≥6 MW/ 　　　12 MW·h 青海：≥10 MW/ 　　　20 MW·h	山东：≥5 MW/10 MW·h 安徽：≥5 MW/5 MW·h 江西：≥5 MW/5 MW·h 湖南：≥4 MW/4 MW·h	浙江：≥1 MW/ 　　　1 MW·h 湖南：≥4 MW/ 　　　4 MW·h 华北：≥10 MW/ 　　　30 MW·h	青海：≥10 MW/20 MW·h 安徽：≥10 MW/40 MW·h 江苏：≥10 MW/20 MW·h 山东：≥5 MW/10 MW·h 华北：≥10 MW/30 MW·h
接入要求	—	直接接入公用电网/在发电企业、用户计量关口外并网	江苏：接入公网南方：接入电压等级220 kV及以上	湖南：接入电压等级在10 kV及以上	安徽：接入电压等级在35 kV及以上
计量要求	满足市场计量和结算的技术要求	具备独立分时正反向计量和数据传送条件	安装自动发电控制（automatic generation control，AGC）装置，具备独自计量功能	安装AGC装置，具备独自计量功能	装设AGC装置，具备独自计量功能
是否接入调度控制	具备调度直控条件，执行并网调度协议，服从电力调度机构的统一调度		具备AGC调节能力，性能指标满足调度运行管理要求以独立主体身份接受电网统一调度
主体类型	允许以独立主体形式或聚合代理形式参加市场

模态框（Modal）标题

源网荷储一体化项目参与市场的现状分析与前景展望

Market Participation of Integrated Source-Grid-Load-Storage Projects: Status and Prospects

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