特高压输电塔龙卷风荷载特性的数值模拟

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305124

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用计算流体动力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）数值模拟方法研究了龙卷风作用下特高压输电塔的风荷载特性。通过建立龙卷风风场的CFD数值模型，验证了龙卷风风场结构的合理性。进一步建立特高压输电塔的精细化数值模型，重点分析了风场中不同位置和不同风向角下输电塔各塔段的体型系数。研究结果表明：输电塔上部第1~4塔段在距离龙卷风风场中心1.5D（D为核心半径）处所受风荷载最大，下部第5~9塔段在距离龙卷风风场中心1.0D处所受风荷载最大；输电塔整体在距离龙卷风风场中心1.0D处所受风荷载最大。随着与龙卷风中心距离的增大，输电塔整塔横向风载系数最不利风向角从60°增大至90°，纵向风载体型系数最不利风向角在0°~30°范围内变化。在距离风场中心1.0D和1.5D处，输电塔整塔风载体型系数模拟值要大于规范值。

关键词: 龙卷风, 输电塔, 地表粗糙, 风荷载, CFD数值模拟

Abstract:

In this paper, the wind load characteristics of the Ultra-High Voltage transmission tower under tornado are studied based on the CFD (computational fluid dynamics) numerical simulation method. The numerical model of a full-scale tornado is established. The measured radar data of Spencer tornado as the velocity inlet are adopted to generate the tornado-like wind field, and the impacts of the surface roughness are considered. The tangential velocity and core radius at different heights are obtained, then contrasted with the measured data to verify the rationality of the tornado-like vortex structure. Next, the overall refined CFD numerical modeling of the transmission tower is established, then the SST k-ω turbulence model based on RANS is used to simulate the flow around the transmission tower under tornado. The effects of the different locations and wind directions on the shape coefficients of each section of the transmission tower are studied. It is found that the wind loads of the top section 1 to section 4 of the transmission tower would take the maximum when the tower is located at the wind field of 1.5D (D is the core radius), and the wind loads of the bottom section 5 to section 9 of the transmission tower are the maximum when the tower is located at the wind field of 1.0D. The wind loads of transmission tower reach the maximum when the tower is located at the wind field of 1.0D. The worst wind attack angle of the transverse directions of the transmission tower increases from 60° to 90°, and the worst wind attack angle of the longitudinal directions of the transmission tower varies in the range of 0° to 30° as the distance from the center of tornado increases. The simulated wind load shape coefficient of the transmission tower at the locations of 1.0D and 1.5D are larger than the code values, and all sections (except for the section 7, 8 and 9 at the location of 1.5D) are also larger than the code values.

Key words: tornado, transmission tower, surface roughness, wind loads, CFD numerical simulation

张顺, 王振国, 姜文东, 徐枫, 段忠东. 特高压输电塔龙卷风荷载特性的数值模拟[J]. 中国电力, 2023, 56(10): 153-163.

Shun ZHANG, Zhenguo WANG, Wendong JIANG, Feng XU, Zhongdong DUAN. Numerical Study of Ultra-High Voltage Transmission Tower Wind Loads Characteristics Against Tornado[J]. Electric Power, 2023, 56(10): 153-163.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202305124

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2023/V56/I10/153

图/表 16

图 1 龙卷风风场CFD数值模型

Fig.1 Tornado CFD numerical model

图 2 不同网格数量核心半径和最大切向风速对比

Fig.2 Comparison of core radius and maximum tangential wind speed with different grid numbers

图 3 数值模拟与实测切向风速随径向变化对比

Fig.3 Comparison of numerical simulation and measured tangential wind speed with radial variation

图 4 内部流场速度等值线和迹线

Fig.4 Velocity contours and trajectories of the internal flow field

图 5 输电塔三维模型与分段示意

Fig.5 Transmission tower 3D model and segment

图 6 计算域整体网格划分

Fig.6 Overall grid division of computational domain

图 7 计算域整体和输电塔表面网格划分

Fig.7 Grid division of calculation domain overall and transmission tower surface

图 8 坐标系和风向角示意

Fig.8 Coordinate system and wind direction angle

图 9 加载输电塔前后龙卷风风场核心半径和最大切向风速对比

Fig.9 Comparison of core radius and maximum tangential wind speed of tornado wind field before and after loading the transmission tower

图 10 不同塔段和整体风载体型系数随风场位置变化

Fig.10 Variation of wind load shape coefficients for different tower sections and overall wind field positions

图 11 0.5D位置处不同塔段风载体型系数随风向角的变化

Fig.11 Variation of body shape coefficient with wind direction angle for different tower sections at 0.5D position

图 12 1.0D位置处不同塔段风载体型系数随风向角的变化

Fig.12 Variation of body shape coefficient with wind direction angle for different tower sections at 1.0D position

图 13 1.5D位置处不同塔段风载体型系数随风向角的变化

Fig.13 Variation of body shape coefficient with wind direction angle for different tower sections at 1.5D position

图 14 2.0D位置处不同塔段风载体型系数随风向角的变化

Fig.14 Variation of body shape coefficient with wind direction angle for different tower sections at 2.0D position

图 15 3.0D位置处不同塔段风载体型系数随风向角的变化

Fig.15 Variation of body shape coefficient with wind direction angle for different tower sections at 3.0D position

图 16 节段风载体型系数模拟值与规范值对比

Fig.16 Comparison between simulated and standard values of wind load body shape coefficient in sections

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