大型水轮发电机灵活组合型接地方式

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202510035

中国电力 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (4): 105-113.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202510035

大型水轮发电机灵活组合型接地方式

吴修韩¹(), 李琛¹(), 魏扬¹, 孙悦¹, 李光耀¹, 罗金嵩¹, 高紫薇¹, 沈红万¹, 桂林²()

1. 中国长江电力股份有限公司，湖北宜昌　443000
2. 新型电力系统运行与控制全国重点实验室（清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系），北京　100084

收稿日期:2025-10-14 发布日期:2026-04-20 出版日期:2026-04-28
作者简介:
吴修韩（1996），男，助理工程师，从事电力系统继电保护与控制研究，E-mail：wu_xiuhan@ctg.com.cn
李琛（1990），男，高级工程师，从事大机组保护及故障分析研究，E-mail：li_chen1@ctg.com.cn
桂林（1974），男，博士，通信作者，副教授，从事大机组保护及故障分析研究，E-mail：guilin99@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目（电容电流剧增条件下大型发电机定子接地故障分析与优化设计研究，52077115）；中国长江电力股份有限公司科研项目（大型水轮发电机灵活组合型接地方式研究与应用，Z212402013）。

Flexible combined grounding modes of large hydro-generators

WU Xiuhan¹(), LI Chen¹(), WEI Yang¹, SUN Yue¹, LI Guangyao¹, LUO Jinsong¹, GAO Ziwei¹, SHEN Hongwan¹, GUI Lin²()

1. China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd., Yichang 443000, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control (Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University), Beijing 100084, China

Received:2025-10-14 Online:2026-04-20 Published:2026-04-28
Supported by:
This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Research on Stator Ground Fault Analysis and Optimal Design of Large Generator Under Condition of Capacitance Current Increasing Rapidly, No.52077115) and the Research Project of China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. (Flexible Grounding Configuration Study for Large Hydro-generators, No.Z212402013).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

单相接地故障是发电机定子绕组绝缘损坏最常见的故障，国内广泛应用的接地变高阻接地方式无法应对发电机对地电容电流增大导致的接地故障电流过大问题，而组合型接地方式则在机组型号不同的大型水电站应用中存在参数适配性较差的局限。提出一种灵活组合型接地方式，并以某水电站5种机型发电机为分析对象，对其接地装置进行优化设计，验证灵活组合型接地装置的可行性。结果表明，该方式既能有效限制单相接地故障电流等关键指标，又能弥补接地装置参数通用适配的短板，显著降低设备安装、备品购储的成本和压力，对于保障大型水电站发电机的运行安全具有重要意义。

关键词: 发电机中性点接地, 组合型接地方式, 定子单相接地故障, 接地装置参数设计, 重燃弧暂态过电压

Abstract:

Single-phase grounding fault is the most common fault causing insulation damage to generator stator windings. The grounding transformer high-resistance grounding mode widely used in China cannot address the problem of excessive grounding fault current induced by the increase in generator-to-ground capacitive current, while the combined grounding mode has the limitation of poor parameter adaptability in its application to large hydropower stations with different unit models. This paper proposes a flexible combined grounding mode, and takes the generators of five models in a hydropower station as the research object to optimize the design of their grounding devices, which verifies the feasibility of the flexible combined grounding device. This grounding mode can not only effectively limit key indicators such as single-phase grounding fault current, but also make up the deficiency in the universal adaptabilityof grounding device parameters, significantly reduce the costs and pressures of equipment installation and spare parts purchase and storage, and is of great significance to ensuring the operational safety of generators in large hydropower stations.

Key words: generator neutral point grounding, combined grounding mode, stator single-phase grounding fault, grounding device parameter design, restrike arc transient overvoltage

吴修韩, 李琛, 魏扬, 孙悦, 李光耀, 罗金嵩, 高紫薇, 沈红万, 桂林. 大型水轮发电机灵活组合型接地方式[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(4): 105-113.

WU Xiuhan, LI Chen, WEI Yang, SUN Yue, LI Guangyao, LUO Jinsong, GAO Ziwei, SHEN Hongwan, GUI Lin. Flexible combined grounding modes of large hydro-generators[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(4): 105-113.

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图/表 11

参考文献 29

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机组参数	数值	机组参数	数值
额定电压/kV	20	定子绕组每相对地电容/μF	2.592
额定容量/(MV·A)	777.8	GCB两侧每相并联电容/μF	0.39
定子绕组电阻/Ω	0.00204	原有接地变容量/ (kV·A)	100
直轴超瞬变电抗^* (p.u.)	0.22/0.20	原有接地变变比/ (kV/V)	20/($ \sqrt{3} $×720)
交轴超瞬变电抗 (p.u.)	0.28	原接地变短路阻抗/%	6

机组参数	数值	机组参数	数值
额定电压/kV	20	定子绕组每相对地电容/μF	2.592
额定容量/(MV·A)	777.8	GCB两侧每相并联电容/μF	0.39
定子绕组电阻/Ω	0.00204	原有接地变容量/ (kV·A)	100
直轴超瞬变电抗^* (p.u.)	0.22/0.20	原有接地变变比/ (kV/V)	20/($ \sqrt{3} $×720)
交轴超瞬变电抗 (p.u.)	0.28	原接地变短路阻抗/%	6

序号	二次电阻/Ω	二次电感/mH	首次燃弧过电压峰值/kV	重燃弧过电压峰值/kV	重燃弧过电压倍率 (p.u.)
1	1	3	43.76	43.80	2.682
2	1	5	43.82	43.77	2.680
3	1	8	44.02	44.25	2.710
4	2	3	43.84	43.86	2.686
5	2	5	43.86	44.30	2.713
6	2	8	43.83	46.28	2.834
7	3	3	43.75	43.76	2.680
8	3	5	43.83	44.47	2.723
9	3	8	43.86	46.47	2.846

序号	二次电阻/Ω	二次电感/mH	首次燃弧过电压峰值/kV	重燃弧过电压峰值/kV	重燃弧过电压倍率 (p.u.)
1	1	3	43.76	43.80	2.682
2	1	5	43.82	43.77	2.680
3	1	8	44.02	44.25	2.710
4	2	3	43.84	43.86	2.686
5	2	5	43.86	44.30	2.713
6	2	8	43.83	46.28	2.834
7	3	3	43.75	43.76	2.680
8	3	5	43.83	44.47	2.723
9	3	8	43.86	46.47	2.846

项目	机型A	机型B	机型C	机型D	机型E
额定电压/kV	20	20	20	20	20
额定容量/(MV·A)	777.8	777.8	777.8	777.8	777.8
定子绕组电阻/Ω	0.001704	0.00161	0.00154	0.00204	0.00103
直轴超瞬变电抗*/%	22/20	24/20	22/20	25.3/20.3	24.7/20.5
交轴超瞬变电抗*/%	28	27.7	28	27.4/25.7	25.9/24.3
定子绕组每相对地电容/μF	1.35	1.81	1.46	2.592	3.668
GCB两侧每相并联电容/μF	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39	0.39
主变高低压绕组耦合电容/nF	3.71	3.71	3.28	3.28	3.28

大型水轮发电机灵活组合型接地方式

Flexible combined grounding modes of large hydro-generators

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项目	机型A	机型B	机型C	机型D	机型E
接地变额定容量/(kV·A)	250	250	250	250	250
接地变一次侧额定电压/kV	20	20	20	20	20
接地变二次侧额定电压/kV	0.866	0.866	0.866	0.866	0.866
并联电阻/Ω	1.14	1.08	1.12	1.02	0.98
并联电感/mH	38.24	8.42	20.85	3.45	1.79
单相接地故障电流/A	23.9	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
重燃弧暂态过电压 (p.u.)	2.64	2.67	2.64	2.71	2.69
传递过电压二次值/V	0.64	0.62	0.54	0.56	0.58
中性点位移电压二次值/V	0.62	0.81	0.65	1.19	1.74

项目	机型A	机型B	机型C	机型D	机型E
接地变额定容量/(kV·A)	250	250	250	250	250
接地变一次侧额定电压/kV	20	20	20	20	20
接地变二次侧额定电压/kV	0.866	0.866	0.866	0.866	0.866
并联电阻/Ω	1.14	1.08	1.12	1.02	0.98
并联电感/mH	38.24	8.42	20.85	3.45	1.79
单相接地故障电流/A	23.9	25.0	25.0	25.0	25.0
重燃弧暂态过电压 (p.u.)	2.64	2.67	2.64	2.71	2.69
传递过电压二次值/V	0.64	0.62	0.54	0.56	0.58
中性点位移电压二次值/V	0.62	0.81	0.65	1.19	1.74

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大型水轮发电机灵活组合型接地方式

Flexible combined grounding modes of large hydro-generators

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