中国电力 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (5): 20-32.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202412042
• 有源配电网安全高效运行与协同调控关键技术 • 上一篇 下一篇
徐恒山1(
), 柴森1(), 伍阳阳2, 李晨阳1, 张亚健3, 莫汝乔4
收稿日期:2024-12-10
修回日期:2025-05-19
发布日期:2026-05-15
出版日期:2026-05-28
作者简介:基金资助:
XU Hengshan1(), CHAI Sen1(), WU Yangyang2, LI Chenyang1, ZHANG Yajian3, MO Ruqiao4
Received:2024-12-10
Revised:2025-05-19
Online:2026-05-15
Published:2026-05-28
Supported by:摘要：
针对电氢耦合储能直流微网中母线电压易波动和储氢状态（state of hydrogen，SOH）易越限的问题，提出了一种考虑SOH和直流母线电压稳定性的电氢耦合储能直流微网协调控制策略。首先，氢储能系统（hydrogen energy storage system，HESS）采用基于模糊算法的下垂控制策略，综合考虑母线电压波动和SOH对HESS的输出功率进行动态优化。其次，电池储能系统（battery energy storage system，BESS）采用基于类似虚拟同步发电机（analogous virtual synchronous generator，AVSG）的控制策略模拟电容的充放电特性，对直流母线电压的动态性能进行优化。最后，考虑母线电压波动幅值，通过控制HESS和BESS的运行模式对母线电压进一步协调优化。在Matlab/Simulink平台中搭建了电氢耦合储能微网仿真模型，验证所提策略的有效性。结果表明：所提协调控制策略能够在源荷波动场景下提升直流微网母线电压的稳定性、改善氢储能系统的过充过放情况。
徐恒山, 柴森, 伍阳阳, 李晨阳, 张亚健, 莫汝乔. 考虑储氢状态和直流母线电压稳定性的电氢耦合储能直流微网协调控制策略[J]. 中国电力, 2026, 59(5): 20-32.
XU Hengshan, CHAI Sen, WU Yangyang, LI Chenyang, ZHANG Yajian, MO Ruqiao. Coordinated control strategy of electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage DC microgrid considering hydrogen storage state and DC bus voltage stability[J]. Electric Power, 2026, 59(5): 20-32.
图 1 电氢耦合储能直流微网拓扑
Fig.1 Topological diagram of DC microgrid for electric-hydrogen coupled energy storage
图 2 60 ℃时电解槽制氢效率特性曲线
Fig.2 Characteristic curve of hydrogen production efficiency of electrolyzer at 60 ℃
图 3 电氢耦合储能直流微网的系统控制框
Fig.3 System control block diagram of DC microgrid with electro-hydrogen coupled energy storage
| 运行模式 | udc波动范围 | 控制策略 | ||
| HESS | BESS | |||
| PEMEL | PEMFC | |||
| 1 | udc≤udc.min | 停机 | 定电压 | 定功率 |
| 2 | udc.min＜udc＜udc.L | 待机 | 下垂 | AVSG |
| 3 | udc.L≤udc≤udc.H | 下垂 | 下垂 | AVSG |
| 4 | udc.H＜udc＜udc.max | 下垂 | 待机 | AVSG |
| 5 | udc≥udc.max | 定电压 | 停机 | 定功率 |
表 1 储能系统运行模式
Table 1 Operating modes of storage system
| 运行模式 | udc波动范围 | 控制策略 | ||
| HESS | BESS | |||
| PEMEL | PEMFC | |||
| 1 | udc≤udc.min | 停机 | 定电压 | 定功率 |
| 2 | udc.min＜udc＜udc.L | 待机 | 下垂 | AVSG |
| 3 | udc.L≤udc≤udc.H | 下垂 | 下垂 | AVSG |
| 4 | udc.H＜udc＜udc.max | 下垂 | 待机 | AVSG |
| 5 | udc≥udc.max | 定电压 | 停机 | 定功率 |
图 4 AVSG的控制框
Fig.4 Control diagram of AVSG control
图 5 基于模糊算法的下垂控制策略
Fig.5 Drop control strategy based on fuzzy algorithm
图 6 输入变量和输出变量的隶属度关系
Fig.6 Membership relationships between input variables and output variables
| Δudc＞0 | SOH | ||||
| VS | S | M | B | VB | |
| VS | VS | VS | VS | VS | VS |
| S | M | M | S | S | VS |
| M | B | B | M | S | VS |
| B | VB | B | B | M | VS |
| VB | VB | VB | B | M | VS |
表 2 PEMEL-FLC的模糊规则
Table 2 Fuzzy rules of PEMEL-FLC
| Δudc＞0 | SOH | ||||
| VS | S | M | B | VB | |
| VS | VS | VS | VS | VS | VS |
| S | M | M | S | S | VS |
| M | B | B | M | S | VS |
| B | VB | B | B | M | VS |
| VB | VB | VB | B | M | VS |
图 7 PEMEL-FLC模糊逻辑的推理结果
Fig.7 Reasoning results of PEMEL-FLC fuzzy logic
| Δudc＜0 | SOH | ||||
| VS | S | M | B | VB | |
| VS | VS | VS | VS | VS | VS |
| S | VS | S | S | M | M |
| M | VS | S | M | B | B |
| B | VS | M | B | B | VB |
| VB | VS | M | B | VB | VB |
表 3 PEMFC-FLC的模糊规则
Table 3 Fuzzy rules of PEMFC-FLC
| Δudc＜0 | SOH | ||||
| VS | S | M | B | VB | |
| VS | VS | VS | VS | VS | VS |
| S | VS | S | S | M | M |
| M | VS | S | M | B | B |
| B | VS | M | B | B | VB |
| VB | VS | M | B | VB | VB |
图 8 PEMFC-FLC模糊逻辑的推理结果
Fig.8 Reasoning results of PEMFC-FLC fuzzy logic
| 模型 | 参数 | 数值 | 参数 | 数值 | |
| 直流微网 | uN/V | 800 | Cdc/F | 0.3 | |
| udc.L (p.u.) | 0.95 | udc.H (p.u.) | 1.05 | ||
| udc.min (p.u.) | 0.9 | udc.max (p.u.) | 1.1 | ||
| 储能 | Pb/kW | 20 | Pb.max (p.u.) | 1.0 | |
| SN/(A·h) | 20 | Cvir0 (p.u.) | 4.0 | ||
| 电解槽 | Pel.N/kW | 30 | Pel.max (p.u.) | 1.2 | |
| 燃料电池 | Pfc.N/kW | 30 | Pfc.max (p.u.) | 1.2 | |
| 直驱风机 | PWind.N/kW | 60 | CP.max | 0.438 |
表 4 直流微网模型主要仿真参数
Table 4 Main simulation parameters of the DC microgrid model
| 模型 | 参数 | 数值 | 参数 | 数值 | |
| 直流微网 | uN/V | 800 | Cdc/F | 0.3 | |
| udc.L (p.u.) | 0.95 | udc.H (p.u.) | 1.05 | ||
| udc.min (p.u.) | 0.9 | udc.max (p.u.) | 1.1 | ||
| 储能 | Pb/kW | 20 | Pb.max (p.u.) | 1.0 | |
| SN/(A·h) | 20 | Cvir0 (p.u.) | 4.0 | ||
| 电解槽 | Pel.N/kW | 30 | Pel.max (p.u.) | 1.2 | |
| 燃料电池 | Pfc.N/kW | 30 | Pfc.max (p.u.) | 1.2 | |
| 直驱风机 | PWind.N/kW | 60 | CP.max | 0.438 |
图 9 充电状态下的测试结果
Fig.9 Test results under charging condition
图 10 放电状态下的测试结果
Fig.10 Test results under discharging condition
图 11 临界储氢状态运行场景1仿真结果
Fig.11 Simulation results for operation scenario 1 under critical hydrogen storage state
| 性能指标 | 策略1（所提策略） | 策略2（传统策略） |
| 母线电压波动范围/(p.u.) | （0.915, 1.011） | （0.899, 1.024） |
| 母线电压标准差 | ||
| 电压最大波动值/(p.u.) | 0.085 | 0.101 |
表 5 临界状态运行场景1电压稳定性量化对比
Table 5 Quantitative comparison of voltage stability under critical state operation scenario 1
| 性能指标 | 策略1（所提策略） | 策略2（传统策略） |
| 母线电压波动范围/(p.u.) | （0.915, 1.011） | （0.899, 1.024） |
| 母线电压标准差 | ||
| 电压最大波动值/(p.u.) | 0.085 | 0.101 |
图 12 临界储氢状态运行场景2仿真结果
Fig.12 Simulation results for critical hydrogen storage state under operation scenario 2
| 性能指标 | 策略1（所提策略） | 策略2（传统策略） |
| 母线电压波动范围 (p.u.) | （0.976, 1.084） | （0.975, 1.104） |
| 母线电压标准差 | ||
| 电压最大波动值 (p.u.) | 0.084 | 0.104 |
表 6 临界状态运行场景2电压稳定性量化对比
Table 6 Quantitative comparison of voltage stability under critical state operation scenario 2
| 性能指标 | 策略1（所提策略） | 策略2（传统策略） |
| 母线电压波动范围 (p.u.) | （0.976, 1.084） | （0.975, 1.104） |
| 母线电压标准差 | ||
| 电压最大波动值 (p.u.) | 0.084 | 0.104 |
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