基于掺氢燃气轮机的综合能源系统热经济学性能研究

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现燃驱天然气场站的低碳高效运行，构建了一种新型综合能源系统架构，采用蒸汽循环回收燃气轮机的余热，电能用于驱动固体氧化物电解制氢技术产生氢气，进而将氢气通入燃气轮机中实现掺氢燃烧，同时利用压缩空气储能技术将可再生能源转化成稳定的电能输出。计算结果表明，系统在设计工况下的能量效率、㶲效率和平准化单位能量成本分别为85.66%、41.37%和294.70元/(MW·h)。敏感性分析表明，燃气轮机压比和掺氢比例、蒸汽循环低压锅炉压力和抽汽系数、压缩空气储能技术释能功率对系统热力学性能影响显著，而燃气轮机压比和掺氢比例、蒸汽循环抽汽系数对系统经济学性能影响显著。多目标优化结果表明，系统的最优㶲效率和平准化单位能量成本分别为42.31%和284.33元/(MW·h)。

关键词: 燃驱压缩机, 蒸汽循环, 压缩空气储能技术, 固体氧化物电解制氢, 热经济学

Abstract:

In order to achieve low-carbon and high-efficiency operation of natural gas stations driven by hydrogen, a novel integrated energy system is proposed in this paper. The steam cycle is used to recover the waste heat generated by gas turbines. The electrical energy is used to drive the solid oxide electrolysis hydrogen production system to produce hydrogen, and then the mixture of methane and hydrogen is used as the fuel of gas turbine, and the compressed air energy storage technology is used to convert renewable energy into stable electrical energy output. The calculation results indicate that under design conditions, the energy efficiency, exergy efficiency and levelized cost of energy are 85.66%, 41.37% and 294.70 Yuan·(MW·h)^–1, respectively. Parameter sensitivity analysis shows that the operating parameters of gas turbine pressure ratio, gas turbine hydrogen blending ratio, steam cycle low-pressure boiler pressure, steam cycle extraction coefficient, compressed air energy storage technology energy release power have significant impact on system thermodynamic performance, while the operating parameters of gas turbine pressure ratio, gas turbine hydrogen blending ratio, and steam cycle extraction coefficient have significant impact on system economic performance.The multi-objective optimization results indicate that the optimal exergy efficiency and standardized unit energy cost of the system are 42.31% and 284.33 Yuan·(MW·h)^–1, respectively.

Key words: fuel driven compressor, steam cycle, compressed air energy storage technology, solid oxide electrolysis for hydrogen production, thermo-economics

黄呈帅, 梁健, 李波, 杨亚欣, 胡杨, 姚尔人. 基于掺氢燃气轮机的综合能源系统热经济学性能研究[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(1): 195-208.

Chengshuai HUANG, Jian LIANG, Bo LI, Yaxin YANG, Yang HU, Erren YAO. Study on the Thermo-economic Performance of a Integrated Energy System Based on Hydrogen-fueled Gas Turbine[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(1): 195-208.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202310023

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I1/195

图/表 26

参考文献 27

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设备	能量方程	㶲方程
压缩机	$ {\dot{W}}_{\text{C}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{C}}({h}_{\text{out,s}}-{h}_{\text{in}})/{\eta }_{\text{C,s}} $	$ {\dot E_{{\text{D,C}}}} = {\dot W_{\text{C}}} - {\dot m_{\text{C}}}({e_{{\text{out}}}} - {e_{{\text{in}}}}) $
燃烧室	$ {\dot m_{{\text{NG}}}}{h_{{\text{NG}}}} + {\dot m_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}}{h_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}} + {\dot m_{{\text{air}}}}{h_{{\text{air}}}} = {\dot m_{{\text{EG}}}}{h_{{\text{EG}}}} $	$ {E_{\text{D}}} = {E_{{\text{NG}}}} + {E_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}} + {E_{{\text{air}}}} - {E_{{\text{EG}}}} $
透平机	$ {\dot W_{\text{T}}} = {\dot m_{\text{T}}}\left( {{h_{{\text{in}}}} - {h_{{\text{out,s}}}}} \right){\eta _{{\text{T,s}}}} $	$ {\dot E_{\rm D,T}} = {\dot m_{\rm T}}({e_{\rm in}} - {e_{\rm out}}) - {\dot W_{\rm T}} $
泵	$ {\dot{W}}_{\text{P}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{P}}({h}_{\text{out,s}}-{h}_{\text{in}})/{\eta }_{\text{P,s}} $	$ {\dot E_{{\text{D,P}}}} = {\dot W_{\text{P}}} - {\dot m_{\text{P}}}({e_{{\text{out}}}} - {e_{{\text{in}}}}) $
余热锅炉	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{HRSG}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,HRSG}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
换热器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{HEX}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,HEX}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})-\text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
蒸发器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{EVA}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,EVA}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
冷凝器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{CON}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,CON}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
吸收器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{ABS}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {E}_{\text{D,ABS}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}}) $
发生器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{GEN}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {E}_{\text{D,GEN}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
混合器	$ {q_{m,\rm s}}{h_{02}} + {q_{m,1}}{h_{04 v}} = {q_{m,k}}{h_{05}} $	$ {E_{02}} + {E_{04 v}} = {E_{05}} + {E_{\rm d,{\text{MK}}}} $
电堆	$ {{\dot m}_{{\text{FC,in}}}}{h_{{\text{FC,in}}}} + {{\dot m}_{{\text{AC,in}}}}{h_{{\text{AC,in}}}} + {{\dot W}_{{\text{SOEC}}}} = {{\dot m}_{{\text{FC,out}}}}{h_{{\text{FC,out}}}} + {{\dot m}_{{\text{AC,out}}}}{h_{{\text{AC,out}}}} $	$ {{\dot E}_{\text{D}}} = {{\dot E}_{{\text{FC,in}}}} + {{\dot E}_{{\text{AC,in}}}} + {{\dot W}_{{\text{SOEC}}}} - {{\dot E}_{{\text{FC,out}}}} - {{\dot E}_{{\text{AC,out}}}} $

设备	能量方程	㶲方程
压缩机	$ {\dot{W}}_{\text{C}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{C}}({h}_{\text{out,s}}-{h}_{\text{in}})/{\eta }_{\text{C,s}} $	$ {\dot E_{{\text{D,C}}}} = {\dot W_{\text{C}}} - {\dot m_{\text{C}}}({e_{{\text{out}}}} - {e_{{\text{in}}}}) $
燃烧室	$ {\dot m_{{\text{NG}}}}{h_{{\text{NG}}}} + {\dot m_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}}{h_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}} + {\dot m_{{\text{air}}}}{h_{{\text{air}}}} = {\dot m_{{\text{EG}}}}{h_{{\text{EG}}}} $	$ {E_{\text{D}}} = {E_{{\text{NG}}}} + {E_{{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}}}} + {E_{{\text{air}}}} - {E_{{\text{EG}}}} $
透平机	$ {\dot W_{\text{T}}} = {\dot m_{\text{T}}}\left( {{h_{{\text{in}}}} - {h_{{\text{out,s}}}}} \right){\eta _{{\text{T,s}}}} $	$ {\dot E_{\rm D,T}} = {\dot m_{\rm T}}({e_{\rm in}} - {e_{\rm out}}) - {\dot W_{\rm T}} $
泵	$ {\dot{W}}_{\text{P}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{P}}({h}_{\text{out,s}}-{h}_{\text{in}})/{\eta }_{\text{P,s}} $	$ {\dot E_{{\text{D,P}}}} = {\dot W_{\text{P}}} - {\dot m_{\text{P}}}({e_{{\text{out}}}} - {e_{{\text{in}}}}) $
余热锅炉	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{HRSG}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,HRSG}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{HRSG,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
换热器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{HEX}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,HEX}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})-\text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{HEX,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
蒸发器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{EVA}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,EVA}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{EVA,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
冷凝器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{CON}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {\dot{E}}_{\text{D,CON}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{CON,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
吸收器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{ABS}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {E}_{\text{D,ABS}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{ABS,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}}) $
发生器	$ {\dot{Q}}_{\text{GEN}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,c}}({h}_{\text{out,c}}-{h}_{\text{in,c}})={\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,h}}({h}_{\text{in,h}}-{h}_{\text{out,h}}) $	$ {E}_{\text{D,GEN}}={\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,h}}({e}_{\text{in,h}}-{e}_{\text{out,h}})- \text{ }{\dot{m}}_{\text{GEN,c}}({e}_{\text{out,c}}-{e}_{\text{in,c}}) $
混合器	$ {q_{m,\rm s}}{h_{02}} + {q_{m,1}}{h_{04 v}} = {q_{m,k}}{h_{05}} $	$ {E_{02}} + {E_{04 v}} = {E_{05}} + {E_{\rm d,{\text{MK}}}} $
电堆	$ {{\dot m}_{{\text{FC,in}}}}{h_{{\text{FC,in}}}} + {{\dot m}_{{\text{AC,in}}}}{h_{{\text{AC,in}}}} + {{\dot W}_{{\text{SOEC}}}} = {{\dot m}_{{\text{FC,out}}}}{h_{{\text{FC,out}}}} + {{\dot m}_{{\text{AC,out}}}}{h_{{\text{AC,out}}}} $	$ {{\dot E}_{\text{D}}} = {{\dot E}_{{\text{FC,in}}}} + {{\dot E}_{{\text{AC,in}}}} + {{\dot W}_{{\text{SOEC}}}} - {{\dot E}_{{\text{FC,out}}}} - {{\dot E}_{{\text{AC,out}}}} $

设备		投资成本方程
压缩机		$ {G_{\rm C}} = 91\;562 {({{{W_{\rm c}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{W_c}} {455}}} \right. } {455}})^{0.7}} $
燃烧室		$ {G_{{\text{CC}}}} = \dfrac{{46.8 {m_{{\text{CC,air}}}}}}{{0.995 - {{{{P_{{\text{CC,in}}}}} / {{P_{{\text{CC,out}}}}}}} }} \left[ {1 + \exp \left( {0.018 {T_{{\text{CC,out}}}} - 26.4} \right)} \right] $
膨胀机		$ {G_{\text{T}}} = \dfrac{{1\;054.42 {m_{{\text{T,in}}}}}}{{0.92 - {\eta _{\text{T}}}}} \ln \left( {P{R_{\text{T}}}} \right) \left[ {1 + \exp \left( {0.036 {T_{{\text{T,in}}}} - 54.4} \right)} \right] $
换热器		$ {G_{\rm HEX}} = 130 {({A_{\rm HEX}}/0.093)^{0.78}} $
蒸发器		$ {G_{\rm EVA}} = 16\;000 {({A_{\rm EVA}}/100)^{0.6}} $
冷凝器		$ {G_{{\text{CON}}}} = 8\;000 {({A_{{\text{CON}}}}/100)^{0.6}} $
泵		$ {G_{\rm P}} = 1\;120 W_{\rm P}^{0.8} $
固体氧化物电解池		$ {G_{{\text{SOEC}}}} = {A_{{\text{SOEC}}}} \left( {2.96 {T_{{\text{SOEC}}}} - 1\;907} \right) + {10^5} {\left( {\dfrac{{{W_{{\text{SOEC}}}}}}{{500}}} \right)^{0.7}} $
电加热器		$ {G_{{\text{EH}}}} = 40 {W_{{\text{EH}}}} $
储气室		$ G_{\rm{CAR}} = \left\{\begin{aligned} & 1.128 {\rm exp} \Bigg\{ 2.631 + 1.367\;3 {\rm ln}( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) -\\[-5pt]&\quad 0.063\;09 [ {\rm ln} ( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) ]^2 \Bigg\},\;\;V_{\text{ST}} \leqslant 79.49 \\[-5pt]& 1.128 {\rm exp}\Bigg \{ 11.662 - 0.610\;4 {\rm ln} ( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) +\\[-5pt]&\quad 0.045\;36 [ {\rm ln} ( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) ]^2 \Bigg\}, \;\; V_{\text{ST}} {\text{＞}} 79.49\end{aligned} \right.$

设备		投资成本方程
压缩机		$ {G_{\rm C}} = 91\;562 {({{{W_{\rm c}}} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{W_c}} {455}}} \right. } {455}})^{0.7}} $
燃烧室		$ {G_{{\text{CC}}}} = \dfrac{{46.8 {m_{{\text{CC,air}}}}}}{{0.995 - {{{{P_{{\text{CC,in}}}}} / {{P_{{\text{CC,out}}}}}}} }} \left[ {1 + \exp \left( {0.018 {T_{{\text{CC,out}}}} - 26.4} \right)} \right] $
膨胀机		$ {G_{\text{T}}} = \dfrac{{1\;054.42 {m_{{\text{T,in}}}}}}{{0.92 - {\eta _{\text{T}}}}} \ln \left( {P{R_{\text{T}}}} \right) \left[ {1 + \exp \left( {0.036 {T_{{\text{T,in}}}} - 54.4} \right)} \right] $
换热器		$ {G_{\rm HEX}} = 130 {({A_{\rm HEX}}/0.093)^{0.78}} $
蒸发器		$ {G_{\rm EVA}} = 16\;000 {({A_{\rm EVA}}/100)^{0.6}} $
冷凝器		$ {G_{{\text{CON}}}} = 8\;000 {({A_{{\text{CON}}}}/100)^{0.6}} $
泵		$ {G_{\rm P}} = 1\;120 W_{\rm P}^{0.8} $
固体氧化物电解池		$ {G_{{\text{SOEC}}}} = {A_{{\text{SOEC}}}} \left( {2.96 {T_{{\text{SOEC}}}} - 1\;907} \right) + {10^5} {\left( {\dfrac{{{W_{{\text{SOEC}}}}}}{{500}}} \right)^{0.7}} $
电加热器		$ {G_{{\text{EH}}}} = 40 {W_{{\text{EH}}}} $
储气室		$ G_{\rm{CAR}} = \left\{\begin{aligned} & 1.128 {\rm exp} \Bigg\{ 2.631 + 1.367\;3 {\rm ln}( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) -\\[-5pt]&\quad 0.063\;09 [ {\rm ln} ( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) ]^2 \Bigg\},\;\;V_{\text{ST}} \leqslant 79.49 \\[-5pt]& 1.128 {\rm exp}\Bigg \{ 11.662 - 0.610\;4 {\rm ln} ( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) +\\[-5pt]&\quad 0.045\;36 [ {\rm ln} ( V_{\text{ST}} 264.17 ) ]^2 \Bigg\}, \;\; V_{\text{ST}} {\text{＞}} 79.49\end{aligned} \right.$

运行模块	参数	本文结果	文献结果	相对误差/%
燃气轮机机组	压缩机出口温度/℃	376.59	374.65^[22]	0.52
	透平出口温度/℃	457.58	452.71^[22]	1.08
	压缩机功率/MW	196.76	196.60^[22]	0.08
	透平功率/MW	322.29	325.11^[22]	–0.87
	净功率/MW	125.53	128.51^[22]	–2.32
蒸汽循环	透平功率/MW	50.51	50.51^[22]	0.00
	泵功率/MW	0.53	0.53^[22]	0.00
	蒸汽循环净功率/MW	49.98	49.98^[22]	0.00
压缩空气储能技术	压缩机功率/MW	62.21	60.00^[23]	3.68
	透平机功率/MW	336.16	321.00^[23]	4.72
	系统效率/%	42.66	42.00^[23]	1.57
制冷循环	蒸发温度/℃	99.47	99.47^[24]	0.00
	冷凝温度/℃	44.95	44.95^[24]	0.00
	能效比	0.744	0.74^[24]	0.54
制氢技术	电流密度/(A·cm^–2)	–0.342	–0.344^[25]	–0.58