填料蒸发预冷进风的机械通风空冷塔设计及其运行性能

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202306029

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决机械通风空冷塔夏季机组出力不足，无法满足冷却需求的问题，设计了一种带有填料蒸发预冷进风的机械通风空冷塔，并利用Matlab编写计算程序，仿真研究了填料厚度、环境温度和环境湿度对所设计空冷塔运行性能的影响规律及其节能效果。研究表明：在环境温度为26 ℃，相对湿度为57%条件下，厚300 mm的CELdek7060填料蒸发预冷进风的预冷效果最好，空冷塔的排热率可提高20.57%；空冷塔的排热性能随环境温度升高而降低，且存在一个临界点温度为13.5 ℃，只有当环境温度高于此温度，填料蒸发预冷进风才可提升空冷塔的排热性能；在环境温度、相对湿度分别为35 ℃和57%时，填料蒸发预冷系统可使空冷塔的排热率提高96.96%，使出塔水温进一步降低2.80 ℃；在环境相对湿度为0%、环境温度为26 ℃时，填料蒸发预冷系统可使空冷塔的排热率提高81.14%，出塔水温进一步降低6.81 ℃。单塔每年节能收益约为13.84万元，具有良好的经济效益。

关键词: 空冷塔, 蒸发冷却, 填料, 排热性能, 预冷进风

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of insufficient output of mechanical draft dry cooling tower which can’t meet the cooling demand in summer, a mechanical draft dry cooling tower with wet medium pre-cooling inlet air system is designed in this paper. The influence of wet medium thickness, ambient temperature and humidity on the operating performance of the designed dry cooling tower and water-saving performance are carried out by using Matlab program. The results show that 300 mm CELdek7060 medium pre-cooling inlet air system has the best pre-cooling effect and the heat rejection rate of the cooling tower increases by 20.57% at the ambient temperature of 26 ℃ and humidity of 57%; the heat rejection performance of the dry cooling tower decreases with the increases of ambient temperature, and there is a critical temperature of 13.5 ℃; the wet medium pre-cooling system could improve the heat rejection rate of dry cooling tower by 96.96%, and further reduce the outlet water temperature by 2.80 ℃ at the ambient temperature of 35 ℃ and humidity of 57%; the wet medium pre-cooling system could improve the heat rejection rate of dry cooling tower by 81.14%, and reduce the outlet water temperature by 6.81 ℃ at the ambient temperature of 26 ℃ and humidity of 0%. The total annual energy-saving benefit of a single tower is about 138 400 yuan, which has good economic benefits.

Key words: cooling tower, evaporative cooling, wet medium, heat rejection performance, inlet air pre-cooling

王明伟, 刘天天, 高琦, 王春伟, 沈吉勇, 刘守富, 何锁盈. 填料蒸发预冷进风的机械通风空冷塔设计及其运行性能[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57(6): 225-234.

Mingwei WANG, Tiantian LIU, Qi GAO, Chunwei WANG, Jiyong SHEN, Shoufu LIU, Suoying HE. Design and Operating Performance of Mechanical Draft Dry Cooling Tower Pre-cooled with Wet Medium[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57(6): 225-234.

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链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202306029

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2024/V57/I6/225

图/表 12

图 1 翅片管示意

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of finned tube

表 1 翅片管的相关参数

Table 1 Parameters of finned tube

管的布置间距 S₁/mm		翅片管长 L_T/m		管外径 D_o/mm		管内径 D_i/mm		翅片外径 D_f/mm		翅片厚度 δ_f/mm		翅片高度 H_f/mm		翅片间距 Y/mm
59		12		25		23.4		57		0.4		16		2.5

图 2 换热器设计流程

Fig.2 Design process of heat exchanger

图 3 填料蒸发预冷进风空冷塔的示意

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of dry cooling tower with wet medium pre-cooling inlet air system

表 2 填料蒸发预冷进风空冷塔的设计参数

Table 2 Design parameters of dry cooling tower with wet medium pre-cooling inlet air system

塔高 H₉/m		风机高度 H₆/m		塔入口高度 H₃/m		塔宽 B/m		气室高度 H_pl/m		换热器上游高度H₄/m		风机直径 d_F/m		风机转速 N_F/rpm		V型换热器夹角θ/(°)		管束数 n_b		管排数 n_r		每排管数 n_tr		管流程 n_p
17		15.6		4		12.5		1.2		14.4		9.145		120		60		8		4		50		4

图 4 Matlab迭代计算流程

Fig.4 Flow chart of Matlab iterative process

图 5 不同厚度填料对空冷塔排热性能和通风性能的影响

Fig.5 The influence of different thicknesses wet media on the heat rejection and ventilation performance of dry cooling tower

图 6 有/无填料蒸发预冷系统对空冷塔的排热性能的影响（环境相对湿度为57%）

Fig.6 The influence of with/without wet medium pre-cooling system on heat rejection performance of mechanical draft dry cooling tower (ambient humidity of 57%)

图 7 有/无填料蒸发预冷系统对空冷塔的通风性能的影响（环境相对湿度为57%）

Fig.7 The influence of with/without wet medium pre-cooling system on ventilation performance of mechanical draft dry cooling tower (ambient humidity of 57%)

图 8 有/无填料蒸发预冷系统对空冷塔的排热性能的影响（环境温度为26 ℃）

Fig.8 The influence of with/without wet medium pre-cooling system on heat rejection performance of mechanical draft dry cooling tower (ambient temperature of 26 ℃)

图 9 有/无填料蒸发预冷系统对空冷塔的通风性能的影响（环境温度为26 ℃）

Fig.9 The influence of with/without wet medium pre-cooling system on ventilation performance of mechanical draft dry cooling tower (ambient temperature of 26 ℃)

表 3 有/无填料蒸发预冷系统时空冷塔的耗水量和风机功率

Table 3 Water consumption and fan power of mechanical draft dry cooling tower with/without wet medium pre-cooling system

类型	出塔水温/ ℃	水蒸发量/ (kg·s^–1)	风机功率/ kW
填料预冷的机械通风空冷塔	30.0	0.78	33.92
机械通风空冷塔	30.0	0	95.69

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