基于磁路耦合的Sen变压器差动保护方案

doi:10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311125

中国电力 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (3): 108-118.DOI: 10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311125

基于磁路耦合的Sen变压器差动保护方案

郑涛¹(), 于佳旭¹(), 眭程曦¹(), 申由¹, 薛玉石², 武剑²

1. 新能源电力系统国家重点实验室（华北电力大学），北京　102206
2. 国网石家庄供电公司，河北石家庄　050000

收稿日期:2023-11-27 接受日期:2024-05-27 出版日期:2025-03-28 发布日期:2025-03-26
作者简介:
郑涛（1975），男，通信作者，博士，教授，从事电力系统继电保护研究，E-mail：zhengtao_sf@126.com
于佳旭（2001），男，硕士研究生，从事电力系统继电保护研究，E-mail：yujiaxu000@163.com
眭程曦（2001），男，硕士研究生，从事电力系统继电保护研究， E-mail：15152946134@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金联合基金资助项目（U2166205）；国网河北省电力有限公司科技项目（kj2022-074）。

Sen Transformer Differential Protection Scheme Based on Magnetic Circuit Coupling

Tao ZHENG¹(), Jiaxu YU¹(), Chengxi SUI¹(), You SHEN¹, Yushi XUE², Jian WU²

1. State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System With Renewable Energy Sources (North China Electric Power University), Beijing 102206, China
2. State Grid Shijiazhuang Electric Power Supply Company, Shijiazhuang 050000, China

Received:2023-11-27 Accepted:2024-05-27 Online:2025-03-28 Published:2025-03-26
Supported by:
This work is supported by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U2166205), Science and Technology Project of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co., Ltd. (No.kj2023-062).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

Sen变压器作为一种潮流调控装置，通过档位调节改变其接入线路两端的电压、电流的幅值与相位以实现潮流调控作用。然而由于其复杂紧凑的接线形式与内部结构，Sen变压器相较于普通电力变压器而言，故障特征更为复杂，为其本体保护配置带来了困难。为解决这一问题，在分析其拓扑结构的基础上，基于基尔霍夫电流定律、电磁感应定律等物理原理，建立了Sen变压器的差动保护方案。该方案于Sen变压器的输入端、输出端以及励磁单元绕组的末端安装电流互感器TA，通过对Sen变压器配置电平衡差动保护与磁平衡差动保护，可反映Sen变压器各绕组的匝间故障与匝地故障，以及绕组之间引线的短路故障，有效解决Sen变压器本体保护配置困难的问题。利用PSCAD/EMTDC仿真平台验证了所提方案的正确性，为后续 Sen变压器的深入研究和工程应用提供理论支撑。

关键词: Sen变压器, 磁平衡差动保护, 电平衡差动保护

Abstract:

As a power flow control device, Sen transformer changes the amplitude and phase of voltage and current at both ends of the access line through gear adjustment to achieve power flow regulation. However, due to its complex and compact wiring form and internal structure, Sen transformers have more complex fault characteristics than ordinary power transformers, which brings difficulties to their ontology protection configuration. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the topology of Sen transformer and establishes a differential protection scheme based on physical principles such as Kirchhoff's current law and electromagnetic induction law. The scheme installs TA at the input end, output end of Sen transformer and the end section of the winding of the excitation unit, and by configuring the Sen transformer with balance differential protection and magnetic balance differential protection, it can reflect the turn-to-turn fault and turn-to-turn fault of each winding of Sen transformer, as well as the short circuit fault of the leads between the windings, which effectively solves the problem of difficult protection configuration for Sen transformer body. Finally, the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, which provides a theoretical support for the subsequent in-depth research and engineering application of Sen transformer.

Key words: Sen transformer, magnetic balance differential protection, electric balance differential protection

郑涛, 于佳旭, 眭程曦, 申由, 薛玉石, 武剑. 基于磁路耦合的Sen变压器差动保护方案[J]. 中国电力, 2025, 58(3): 108-118.

Tao ZHENG, Jiaxu YU, Chengxi SUI, You SHEN, Yushi XUE, Jian WU. Sen Transformer Differential Protection Scheme Based on Magnetic Circuit Coupling[J]. Electric Power, 2025, 58(3): 108-118.

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Ris|BibTeX

链接本文: https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/10.11930/j.issn.1004-9649.202311125

https://www.electricpower.com.cn/CN/Y2025/V58/I3/108

图/表 21

图 1 Sen变压器拓扑结构

Fig.1 Sen transformer topology

图 2 三级可调时串联补偿电压矢量图

Fig.2 Series compensation voltage vector with three levels adjustable

图 3 Sen变压器差动保护配置

Fig.3 Sen transformer differential protection configuration

图 4 比率制动特性

Fig.4 Ratio-restrained characteristics

表 1 Sen变压器仿真参数设置

Table 1 Sen transformer simulation parameter setting

参数名称		数值
额定电压/kV		10.5
额定电流/kA		0.275
容量/(MV•A)		5
额定电压比/V		6062/2398
移相角/(°)		–20~+20
变压器短路阻抗/Ω		0.7718

图 5 Sen变压器档位调节图

Fig.5 Sen transformer gear adjustment

图 6 Sen变压器故障示意

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of Sen transformer fault

表 2 2种差动保护整定的相关参数

Table 2 Relevant parameters for 2 differential protection settings

保护方式	参数	数值
电平衡差动保护	基准电流/kA	0.245
	可靠系数 $ {k_{{\text{rel}}}} $	1.2
	电流互感器同型系数 $ {K_{{\text{st}}}} $	0.5
	非周期分量系数 $ {K_{{\text{np}}}} $	2
	外部故障最大短路电流 $ {I_{{\text{k}}{\text{.max}}}} $(p.u.)	6.126
	动作电流整定值(p.u.)	0.735
磁平衡差动保护	基准电流/kA	0.275
	制动特性斜率 K	1
	最小动作电流 $ {I_{{\text{op}}{\text{.min}}}} $(p.u.)	0.5
	起始制动电流$ {I_{{\text{res}}{\text{.0}}}} $(p.u.)	0.8

图 7 区外三相短路故障时差动电流波形

Fig.7 Waveform of differential current with an out-of-zone three-phase short-circuit fault

图 8 引线相间短路故障时差动电流波形

Fig.8 Waveform of differential current with a lead-to-phase short-circuit fault

图 9 励磁单元绕组匝间故障仿真

Fig.9 Simulation of turn-to-turn fault of the excitation unit winding

图 10 串联调压单元绕组匝间故障仿真

Fig.10 Simulation of winding-to-turn fault of the series voltage regulating unit

表 3 不同故障类型下差动继电器的动作情况

Table 3 Action results of the differential relay under different fault types

故障类型			电平衡差动KD1			磁平衡差动KD2
故障类型			差动电流(p.u.)	动作阈值(p.u.)	动作情况	动作电流(p.u.)	制动电流(p.u.)	动作情况
无故障			0	0.735	×	0	0.979	×
区外故障K1		两相短路	0	0.735	×	0	1.478	×
区外故障K1		三相短路	0	0.735	×	0	2.971	×
区内故障	调压单元引线K2	两相短路	5.816	0.735	√	0	1.584	×
	调压单元引线K2	三相短路	6.344	0.735	√	0	3.016	×
	励磁单元绕组K3	匝间50%	0	0.735	×	5.671	2.031	√
		匝间12.5%	0	0.735	×	4.436	1.893	√
		匝间10%	0	0.735	×	3.745	1.527	√
		匝间5%	0	0.735	×	2.473	1.011	√
		匝间3%	0	0.735	×	2.031	0.979	√
	调压单元绕组K4	匝间50%	0	0.735	×	5.402	1.981	√
		匝间12.5%	0	0.735	×	3.871	1.610	√
		匝间10%	0	0.735	×	3.497	1.401	√
		匝间5%	0	0.735	×	2.210	1.029	√
		匝间3%	0	0.735	×	1.980	0.979	√

图 11 Sen变压器空载合闸

Fig.11 Closing of the Sen transformer with no load

图 12 励磁涌流对差动保护的影响

Fig.12 Effect of excitation inrush current on differential protection

表 4 Sen变压器励磁涌流谐波含量

Table 4 Harmonic content of excitation inrush current in Sen transformer 单位：%

相位	基波	二次谐波	三次谐波	五次谐波
A相	100	16.7	7.1	2.4
B相	100	39.9	7.9	4.6
C相	100	39.5	8.2	4.6

图 13 档位调节时磁平衡差动电流幅值

Fig.13 The amplitude of magnetic balance differential current when the gear is adjusted

图 14 TA波形畸变图（K2）

Fig.14 TA waveform distortion (at K2)

图 15 区内引线相间短路故障仿真（$ \rm K2 $）

Fig.15 Simulation of phase-to-phase short-circuit faults in the leads (at $ \rm K2 $)

图 16 TA波形畸变图（K1）

Fig.16 TA waveform distortion (at K1)

图 17 区外三相短路故障仿真（$ \rm K1 $）

Fig.17 Simulation of out-of-zone three-phase short-circuit faults (at $ \rm K1 $)

参考文献 26

1	任大伟, 肖晋宇, 侯金鸣, 等. 双碳目标下我国新型电力系统的构建与演变研究[J]. 电网技术, 2022, 46 (10): 3831- 3839.
	REN Dawei, XIAO Jinyu, HOU Jinming, et al. Construction and evolution of China's new power system under dual carbon goal[J]. Power System Technology, 2022, 46 (10): 3831- 3839.
2	舒印彪, 陈国平, 贺静波, 等. 构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统框架研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23 (6): 61- 69. DOI
	SHU Yinbiao, CHEN Guoping, HE Jingbo, et al. Building a new electric power system based on new energy sources[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23 (6): 61- 69. DOI
3	沈涛. 移相变压器在电力系统中的应用研究[D]. 北京: 华北电力大学, 2018.
	SHEN Tao. Application research of phase shifting transformer in power system[D]. Beijing: North China Electric Power University, 2018.
4	王增平, 林一峰, 王彤, 等. 电力系统继电保护与安全控制面临的挑战与应对措施[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2023, 51 (6): 10- 20.
	WANG Zengping, LIN Yifeng, WANG Tong, et al. Challenges and countermeasures to power system relay protection and safety control[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2023, 51 (6): 10- 20.
5	周勤勇, 李根兆, 秦晓辉, 等. 能源革命下的电力系统范式转换分析[J]. 中国电力, 2024, 57 (3): 1- 11.
	ZHOU Qinyong, LI Genzhao, QIN Xiaohui, et al. Analysis of power system paradigm shift under energy revolution[J]. Electric Power, 2024, 57 (3): 1- 11.
6	赵玉林, 李若瑾, 尹杰, 等. 考虑新能源不确定性的含DSSC电网静态电压稳定分析[J]. 南方电网技术, 2024, 18 (7): 95- 107.
	ZHAO Yulin, LI Ruojin, YIN Jie, et al. Static voltage stability analysis of power grid with DSSC considering uncertainty of new energy sources[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2024, 18 (7): 95- 107.
7	SEN K K, SEN M L. Introducing the family of "Sen" transformers: a set of power flow controlling transformers[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, 18 (1): 149- 157. DOI
8	SEN K K, SEN M L. Comparison of the "Sen" transformer with the unified power flow controller[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2003, 18 (4): 1523- 1533. DOI
9	刘柏良, 汪惟源, 张君黎, 等. 大规模风电并网后江苏电网柔直换流站与UPFC的有功功率协调控制方法[J]. 南方电网技术, 2024, 18 (3): 138- 145.
	LIU Bailiang, WANG Weiyuan, ZHANG Junli, et al. Active Power coordination control method of converter stations of MMC-DC System and UPFC in Jiangsu power grid interconnected with the large-scale wind power[J]. Southern Power System Technology, 2024, 18 (3): 138- 145.
10	谭振龙, 张春朋, 姜齐荣, 等. 旋转潮流控制器与统一潮流控制器和Sen Transformer的对比[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40 (3): 868- 874.
	TAN Zhenlong, ZHANG Chunpeng, JIANG Qirong, et al. Comparative research on rotary power flow controller, unified power flow controller and Sen transformer[J]. Power System Technology, 2016, 40 (3): 868- 874.
11	姚尧, 邱昊, 陈柏超, 等. 一种新型统一潮流控制器[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2008, 32 (16): 78- 82. DOI
	YAO Yao, QIU Hao, CHEN Baichao, et al. A novel unified power flow controller[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2008, 32 (16): 78- 82. DOI
12	陈凯龙, 宋洁莹, 刘欣, 等. “Sen” 变压器(ST)的稳态等效模型研究[J]. 电力建设, 2020, 41 (2): 76- 84.
	CHEN Kailong, SONG Jieying, LIU Xin, et al. Research on steady-state equivalent model of "Sen" transformer (ST)[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2020, 41 (2): 76- 84.
13	陈柏超, 刘雷, 余梦泽, 等. 电磁混合式潮流控制器本体优化及控制[J]. 高电压技术, 2017, 43 (4): 1086- 1094.
	CHEN Baichao, LIU Lei, YU Mengze, et al. Ontology optimization and control strategy of electromagnetic hybrid power flow controller[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2017, 43 (4): 1086- 1094.
14	CHEN B C, FEI W L, TIAN C H, et al. Research on an improved hybrid unified power flow controller[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2018, 54 (6): 5649- 5660. DOI
15	GASIM MOHAMED S E, JASNI J, RADZI M A M, et al. Implementation of the power transistor-assisted Sen transformer in steady-state load flow analysis[J]. IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution, 2018, 12 (18): 4182- 4193.
16	袁佳歆, 訚山, 殷洪顺, 等. 适用于配电网多线路的快速电磁式Sen变压器[J]. 高电压技术, 2021, 47 (2): 564- 573.
	YUAN Jiaxin, YIN Shan, YIN Hongshun, et al. Fast electromagnetic Sen-transformer suitable for multi-line distribution network[J]. High Voltage Engineering, 2021, 47 (2): 564- 573.
17	ASGHARI B, FARUQUE M O, DINAVAHI V. Detailed real-time transient model of the "Sen" transformer[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 23 (3): 1513- 1521. DOI
18	LIU J D, DINAVAHI V. Detailed magnetic equivalent circuit based real-time nonlinear power transformer model on FPGA for electromagnetic transient studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2016, 63 (2): 1191- 1202. DOI
19	FENG J L, HAN S, PAN Y H, et al. Steady-state modelling of Extended Sen Transformer for unified iterative power flow solution[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2020, 187, 106492. DOI
20	潘宇航. 扩展型SEN Transformer电磁解析模型与保护系统研究[D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2021.
21	TZIOUVARAS D A. 138 kV phase shifting transformer protection: EMTP modeling and model power system testing[C]//Eighth IEE International Conference on Developments in Power System Protection. Amsterdam, Netherlands. IEE, 2004: 343–347.
22	张晓宇, 顾乔根, 文继锋, 等. 典型移相变压器差动保护配置对比分析[J]. 江苏电机工程, 2015, 34 (1): 36- 39.
	ZHANG Xiaoyu, GU Qiaogen, WEN Jifeng, et al. Comparative analysis of the differential protection between typical phase shifting transformers[J]. Jiangsu Electrical Engineering, 2015, 34 (1): 36- 39.
23	THOMPSON M J, MILLER H, BURGER J. AEP experience with protection of three delta/hex phase angle regulating transformers[C]//2007 Power Systems Conference: Advanced Metering, Protection, Control, Communication, and Distributed Resources. Clemson, SC, USA. IEEE, 2007: 96–105.
24	刘高原, 季子孟, 林思海. 柔性直流换流站保护系统的研究与分析[J]. 华东电力, 2011, 39 (7): 1141- 1144.
	LIU Gaoyuan, JI Zimeng, LIN Sihai. Research on protection system of flexible HVDC converter station[J]. East China Electric Power, 2011, 39 (7): 1141- 1144.
25	郑涛, 汤哲, 张滋行, 等. 统一潮流控制器对继电保护的影响及对策研究综述[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2019, 47 (15): 171- 178. DOI
	ZHENG Tao, TANG Zhe, ZHANG Zihang, et al. Review of the influence of unified power flow controller on relay protection and countermeasures[J]. Power System Protection and Control, 2019, 47 (15): 171- 178. DOI
26	郑涛, 王增平, 翁汉琍, 等. 超/特高压变压器差动保护关键技术与新原理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2017.

基于磁路耦合的Sen变压器差动保护方案

Sen Transformer Differential Protection Scheme Based on Magnetic Circuit Coupling

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 21

参考文献 26

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics

模态框（Modal）标题

基于磁路耦合的Sen变压器差动保护方案

Sen Transformer Differential Protection Scheme Based on Magnetic Circuit Coupling

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 21

参考文献 26

相关文章 0

编辑推荐

Metrics